Chapter 7 Budgeting and Cost Estimation Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons‚ Inc. Low Bids If you are bidding on a project‚ do you want your bid to be as low as possible and still make a profit? Accept Low Bid If you are accepting bids on a project‚ do you want to accept the lowest bid? Budgeting A plan for allocating scarce resources to the various endeavors of an organization A budget implies constraints Thus‚ it implies that managers will not get everything they
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| | | | |Participatory BudgetING and public expenditure management training manual | | | Contents Principles and Approaches of Participatory Budgeting 5 Introduction 5 An innovation from the South 5 Primarily a Brazilian phenomenon 5 From definition
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Final Project: Budgeting Angelica M. Cravens Course: BUS 630 Managerial Accounting Instructor: Anthony Perez October 01‚ 2012 Final Project: Budgeting Budgeting is used to help companies stay on track without going over their revenue and not spending too much on expenses. Budgeting is a very important part of a business success. There are many types of budgets that range from households to businesses. There have been new developments in the budgeting area in the last few years. There are
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justifies that not all people are cramped up with single income sources. As discussed in this article‚ few lucky people have managed to utilize easy money saving tips that have enabled them to save money for investments that guarantee a financially stable future. One of the tips is budgeting‚ which acts as a guide in controlling what one spends. Outline what you spend on a monthly basis and correlate the spending with the income you earn. Outline a long term plan on what you want to save in a fixed
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negative and the IRR is lower then the Cost of Capital (12%) Rainbow products shouldn’t go for it. (B) Based on the perpetuity formula we can compute the PV in this case : Computation of the PV : PV= Cash flow per year/ cost of capital) =4‚500 / 0.12 = $37‚500 Computation of the NPV : Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 470‚000 just like it! GET BETTER GRADES NPV= -Initial investment + PV = -35‚000 + 37‚500 NPV=$2‚500
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and capital gains distributions of $2.85 per share. At the end of the year the shares had a net asset value of $23 per share. What was your rate of return on this investment? A) 30.24% B) 25.37% C) 27.19% D) 22.44% E) 29.18% Answer: A Difficulty: Moderate Rationale: R = ($23-21+1.5+2.85)/$21 = 30.238% 31. Assume that you purchased shares of High Flying mutual fund at a net asset value of $12.50 per share. During the year you received dividend income distributions of $0.78 per share and capital gains
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of budgeting as a system of organisational control. A budget is a short-term financial plan of income and expenses expected over a certain period of time (usually one year) used to achieve a businesses objective. Budgeting can be useful for exercising control over a business because of its nature as a representation of a plan. Control is generally viewed as making events conform to a plan. As a budget is represented as a plan‚ allowing events to conform
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CHAPTER 9 PROFIT PLANNING AND BUDGETING Questions‚ Exercises‚ Problems‚ and Cases: Answers and Solutions 9.1 See text or glossary at the end of the book. 9.2 A cost center is a responsibility center in which management is responsible only for costs. In a profit center‚ management is responsible for both costs and revenues. 9.3 An investment center is a responsibility center in which management is responsible for managing costs‚ revenues‚ and assets. A profit center is not responsible
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2)(25%) + (0.1)(60%) = 11.40%. (2 = (-50% - 11.40%)2(0.1) + (-5% - 11.40%)2(0.2) + (16% - 11.40%)2(0.4) + (25% - 11.40%)2(0.2) + (60% - 11.40%)2(0.1) (2 = 712.44; ( = 26.69%. CV = [pic] = 2.34. 6-2 Investment Beta $35‚000 0.8 40‚000 1.4 Total $75‚000 bp = ($35‚000/$75‚000)(0.8) + ($40‚000/$75‚000)(1.4) = 1.12. 6-3 kRF = 5%; RPM = 6%; kM = ? kM = 5% + (6%)1 = 11%.
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00 Return 5% 5% 10% 3% Expected return Weighted Value 1.75% 0.25% 2.0% 1.2% 4.70% E8-3. Comparing the risk of two investments Answer: CV1 0.10 0.15 0.6667 CV2 0.05 0.12 0.4167 Based solely on standard deviations‚ Investment 2 has lower risk than Investment 1. Based on coefficients of variation‚ Investment 2 is still less risky than Investment 1. Since the two investments have different expected returns‚ using the coefficient of variation to assess risk is better than simply comparing standard
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