fraction can be taken from the bottom of the distillation column or unit‚ but is often taken from a re boiler connected to the bottom of the column. Each fraction may contain one or more components (types of chemical compounds). When distilling crude oil or a similar
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Unit-1 Petroleum Exploration — An Introduction Objective: After reading this unit you would be able to understand: What are hydrocarbons? What are their properties? What are the main products derived from crude oil and their uses Exploration milestone-an overview. INTRODUCTION: By definition petroleum is a generic name for hydrocarbons‚ including crude oil‚ natural gas liquids‚ natural gas and their products. Petroleum comes from the Latin petra meaning rock or stone & oleum meaning oil. Petroleum
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sector company in all major financial parameters with revenues of $16.7 billion‚ cash profit of $2.8 billion‚ net profit of $1.7 billion‚ net worth of $9.2 billion and total assets of $18.4 billion. It covers the entire energy value chain‚ starting with oil and gas and continuing on through refining‚ petrochemicals‚ chemical intermediates and textiles. Reliance is the first and only private sector company from India to feature in the 2005 Fortune Global 500 list of the ’World’s largest Corporations’ for
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Can Petroleum Be Replaced? Today ’s world economy relies more than ever on a constant supply of petroleum to fuel a vast number of different vehicles and other applications. Everything from an internal combustion engine in a car to a furnace in a home use a petroleum product as the form of energy needed to make them function. With the burning of oil for energy comes the unwanted side-product of emissions such as carbon dioxide‚ which have now been proven to affect the Ozone and weather patterns
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Reserves 3 Sunk costs: 3 Opportunity Costs: 3 Royalty‚ Tax‚ Ring fencing 4 Types of Petroleum Fiscal Regimes 4 Net Cash Flow 4 Concessionary system vs. Production Sharing contracts 5 Going Internation – Bidding Process 5 Economic Modelling 6 Production Costs 7 Wildcat 7 What is the wild cat success ratio? And what are the considered factors? 7 Depreciation 8 Abandonment 8 Goodwill‚ Leases‚ Ringfencing 9 Volatility of Crude Oil 9 Volatility of Gas 10 Forecasting 10 Opportunity cost 12 Present Value 12 Profitability
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British Petroleum (PLC) and John Browne: A Culture of Risk Beyond Petroleum Strayer BUS 519 October 30‚ 2011 Abstract The image as well as the operational business reputation of a corporation is critical to the survivability of the corporation in today’s business world. This reputation is even more critical when a business has is known globally with holdings and operations around the world. Such is the case with British Petroleum (BP) as
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OIL CONSERVATION In view of the need to reduce the ever-increasing gap between demand and indigenous supply of crude oil and petroleum products the Government has accorded top priority to conservation of petroleum products. Towards this end various steps to promote conservation of petroleum products in the transport‚ industrial‚ agricultural and domestic sectors have been initiated. These include adoption of measures and practices which are conducive to increase fuel efficiency and training
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An oil spill can be defined as an accidental or deliberate dumping of oil or petroleum products into the ocean and its coastal waters‚ bays‚ and harbors‚ or onto land‚ or into rivers or lakes (Holum 1977). Between one and ten million metric tons (one metric ton is 1000 kilograms) of oil are put into the oceans every year. The oil is released‚ most often‚ in small yet consistent doses from tankers‚ industry‚ or on shore waste disposal (Boesh‚ Hersher‚ et al. 1974). Tanker spills cost the United
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1. Executive Summary Kenya is a country that has a history of political instability and violence amongst its citizens. Kenya has a large agricultural sector and is a very low-resource country that has very high levels of population growth. These high levels of population growth lead to a large labour force of unskilled workers. Public and Private Investment is crucial for upgrading a firm’s technology and ensuring technological progress. In recent years‚ Kenya has had very low investment levels
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EDIBLE OIL SECTOR. According to the Humburg –based world Trade Journal global production of oils & fats stood at 160 million tons in 2009. There are two sources of fats and oils; those extracted from vegetables such as coconuts‚ cotton seeds‚ cashewnuts‚ groundnuts‚ sunflower seeds‚ simsime‚ soya beans‚ maize germ and palm fruits and those extracted from milk animal meat. In Kenya the preference source of oils and fats and oils is extracted from vegetable oils with domestic production at 380
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