Kuroda et al. Skeletal Muscle 2013‚ 3:5 http://www.skeletalmusclejournal.com/content/3/1/5 Skeletal Muscle Open Access RESEARCH Canonical Wnt signaling induces BMP-4 to specify slow myofibrogenesis of fetal myoblasts Kazuki Kuroda1‚4‚ Shihuan Kuang1‚2‚ Makoto M Taketo3 and Michael A Rudnicki1* Abstract Background: The Wnts are secreted proteins that play important roles in skeletal myogenesis‚ muscle fiber type diversification‚ neuromuscular junction formation and muscle stem cell function
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Before the motor neuron cone arrives the muscle fiber‚ AChR clusters are formed in the middle section of a muscle fiber. When the growing nerve cone attaches the muscle fiber‚ Agrin activates Lrp4‚ which then binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK‚ through this binding MuSK is phosphorylated and starts to form the neural and aneural AChR clustering (Burden 2011). Morphologic differences in the pre- and/or postsynaptic part of the NMJ can be a hint of a certain disease. In the following figure
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simple. I’m not saying it is easy‚ but fundamentally it is very straight forward.In order to lay the ground work‚ let me establish 3 main tricks for you when it comes to stimulate arm growth. 1. Relatively speaking‚ biceps and triceps are small muscle gourps 2. Your biceps are heavily stimualted every time you perform a basic pulling movement for your back 3. Your triceps are heavily stimulated every time you rperform a basic pressing movememnt for your chest or for your shoulders So keeping
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NEED FOR NUTRITION PREGNANT & LACTATING WOMEN 1/20/2014 Jennell Attidore‚ Patricka Gibson‚ Helena Scotland TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION W.H.O. gave the definition for nutrition as the intake of food‚ considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. They also defined good nutrition and poor nutrition; good nutrition is an adequate‚ well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity and is a cornerstone of good health. Poor nutrition
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THE ORGANISATION OF THE HUMAN BODY By Rachel Bull CELLS The organelles of cells and their function • Cell (or plasma) membrane - The plasma membrane acts as a boundary and controls what substances can enter and exit the cell. • Cytoplasm - This semi-fluid substance found inside the boundary of the cell and outside the nucleus cushions and protects the internal organelles‚ this is also where the majority of the chemical reactions happen. • Nucleus - The nucleus is the double-membraned central
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Muscles attached to scapula: Levator scapulae origin is transverse processes of C1-C4‚ insertion at superior angle of scapula‚ it moves scapula and flexes neck. Pectoralis minor’s origin is ribs 3-5 and insertion at coracoid process of scapula‚ it depresses scapula and elevates ribs. Rhomboids Major and Rhomboids Minor’s origin at spinous processes T1-T4‚ insertion at medial border of scapula‚ they move scapula. Serratus anterior’s origin is at ribs 1-9‚ insertion is at medial border of scapula
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Anatomy and Physiology Unit Notes Unit 1: Organization of the Human Body Key Terms: Ana - prefix that means up or back again. Physio - a prefix that means natural or physical. Ology - a suffix that means the study of something. Homeo - a prefix that means like or similar. Thoraci -a prefix that means chest. Stasis - a suffix that means the slowing of a bodily fluid. Abdomino - a prefix that means abdomen. Anatomy-the study of structure. Physiology - the study of how a structure functions
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factors affect muscle fatigue? Introduction: In this experiment muscles will be tested with weight‚ to see if weight is truly a factor in muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue is the muscle’s ability to contract exert its normal strength due to physical stress upon it. The structure of a muscle include a thin layer called epimysium which surrounds the entire muscle‚ deeper to the epimysium is the perimysium. This layer contains fascicles which are bundles of muscle cells. In between the muscle cells are endomysium
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3/11/13 Adrenal glands- on top of kidneys - attached to kidneys via connective tissue capsule -cortex- stimulated by ACTH 3 layers 1. - zona glomerulosa - releases mineral corticoids - aldosterone: anti-diuretic. Retain na+ --> leads to h2o retention (Low levels of aldosterone)-->. Hypovolemia- low blood volume-->. leads to low blood pressure 2. - zona fasciculata- glucocorticoids - cortisone‚ cortisol -resist
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