Anatomy of the Nervous System Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • Neuroanatomy is the anatomy of the nervous system. • Refers to the study of the various parts of the nervous system and their respective function(s). • The nervous system consists of many substructures‚ each comprised of many neurons. Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • Terms used to describe location when referring to the nervous system include: – Ventral: toward the stomach – Dorsal: toward the back –
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* Difference in Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System * The somatic nervous system consists of nerves that provide VOLUNTARY control over skeletal muscles * The autonomic nervous system exerts INVOLUNTARY control over the contraction of smooth muscle‚ cardiac muscle‚ and glandular activity. * Basic function of the Sympathetic VS Parasympathetic Systems * Sympathetic system= “fight of flight” * Parasympathetic system= “rest and digest” * Both autonomic branches are required
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The skeletal system: The bones of the skeletal system hold the body together‚ give it shape and support weight. They also enable the body to move and provide protection to the vital organs. There are four types of bones found in the human body: they are long bones which can be found in the arms‚ legs‚ fingers and toes‚ short bones which are found in the wrist and ankles‚ flat bones such as those in the skull‚ thorax and pelvis‚ irregular bones such as the bones of the vertebral column and face
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maintain a constant condition in a biological system by means of automatic mechanisms that work against influences leaning towards disequilibrium. This action primarily aims to preserve relative constancy in the body when severe changes occur in the external environment‚ as it very important for the body to maintain homeostasis in order to survive. If conditions happen to drift too far‚ certain biochemical reactions are ignited
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Brain -recap * The brain receives signals from inside and outside the body. * It keeps the basic‚ body functions such as heart beat rate‚ breathing rate and temperature control ticking over‚ without us having to think about it. * It also allows us to decide to do things like running and walking and many more complex tasks. It is where our personalities and moods and emotions come from. * The brain of a human being makes up about one-fiftieth of
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Chapter 11 – Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue I. The 3 Overlapping Functions: a. Sensory Input: b. Integration: c. Motor Output: II. Levels of Organization in the Nervous System: a. Central Nervous System (CNS): b. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): i. Sensory (afferent) Division: ii. Motor (efferent) Division: 1. Somatic Nervous System: 2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): a. Sympathetic Division: b. Parasympathetic
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The nervous system is made up of millions of neurons and interconnected nerves that are comparable to a wiring system. The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The nervous system functions like a corporate giant. The CEO is the leader in the CNS and the officers and delegates are the PNS. The CNS gives the commands and the PNS follows the commands. The Central Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS) is
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Organization of the human body Human anatomy and physiology – study of the structure and function of the human body. Anatomy- the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the human body. Physiology – The scientific discipline that investigates the process of functions of living things. 6 Structural levels 1. Chemical level – atoms combine to form molecules 2. Cell level – Molecule form organelles 3. Tissue level – similar and surrounding material make up tissues
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NERVOUS SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE 1. 3 FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM 2. 2 MAJOR NERVOUS SYSTEMS 3. AFFERENT VS. EFFERENT NERVES. What does each do? 4. SOMATIC VS AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM What does each do? Which is involuntary? 5. SYMPATHETIC VS PARASYMPATHETIC What are some things that happen when you get scared? When you have just had a big meal? 6. Draw the Graphic Organizer for the nervous system 7. ANATOMY
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1. Explain both the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system. Include the subdivisions of each. The nervous system’s function is to monitor stimuli occurring inside and outside the body‚ process and interpret this sensory input‚ and respond by activating effector organs. It consists of the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord)‚ and the Peripheral Nervous System (neurons that carry messages to and from the CNS). 2. Describe the composition and function of the cell
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