2. Material and methods 2.1 Sample collection The following 14 samples of Staphylococcus aureus were used in this study. All samples were obtained from food contact surfaces at three food premises in University of Putra Malaysia (UPM). Samples were collected from the surface of each material according to standard swabbing techniques. The collection was carried out during weekdays (15:00-17:00) after finished the preparation of foods. Sterile swabs were removed from the coded test tubes that contain
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Formaldehyde as a model protein crosslinking reagent. Understanding protein-protein interactions is becoming a vital study for application in the development of new age pharmaceuticals and utilization in diagnostic models. The overall aim is to gain an insight into the function and role of individual proteins with specific interest on how they react in cells‚ (Toews et al. 2008). The biopharma industry in Ireland is becoming a booming success for the economy therefore a complete understanding of
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As it turns out‚ there may be more to inheritance than just DNA sequence. Epigenetics also could play a role. Epigenetics can dictate which genes in an organism are turned on and off and because of this‚ an organism can have several changes in their gene expression without any changes to their actual DNA sequencing. This information can persist within an individual because the epigenetic markings get copied along with the DNA when cells reproduce. As evidence accumulates‚ it is speculated that epigenetics
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Phage is a virus that consists of a protein coat that surrounds the core of DNA. When phage DNA enters the host cell it directs phage reproduction. DNA is the molecule that is responsibility for heredity. In this experiment‚ phage was added to E.coli in a radioactive medium. Phages were used to demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material. The DNA molecule is surrounded by a protein coat. So‚ when phages infect bacteria‚ they will attach to the surface of the bacterium. When this happens‚ they inject
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In the early 1950’s‚ when Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase were preforming experiments to determine which material in a cell was the hereditary material‚ the scientific community was much different that it currently is. To begin‚ female scientists were discriminated against heavily‚ especially if that woman was not a full-time researcher or also taught students (Gur-Arie). Unfortunately‚ this problem is still present today to a lesser degree. Also‚ scientists were often recruited to top research facilities
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November 25‚ 2012 The Effect of the pGLO Plasmid on Genetic Transformation of E.coli by Heat Shock Introduction Genetic transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake‚ incorporation and expression of exogenous genetic material l(exogenous DNA) from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membranes. This was first demonstrated in 1928 by Bacteriologist Frederick Griffith (Lederberg 2000).A plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA that contains important
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Ksenia Semina Evolution Lab ARR 3 Blast Lab Analysis: Gene 1: The 4 organisms that were looked at in the Gene 1 are bird‚ vertebrate‚ rodent and bony fish. From the Blast result the most similar gene sequence to the gene of the gene of interest is Gallus gallus collaged which is also a bird. They are the most similar because the Gallus has the highest max score out of all other genes and 100% for the ident and there is no difference in the e-value. The species is located at the bird’s branch
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Human Cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing‚ or previously existing‚ human being or growing cloned tissue from that individual (Cloning Fact Sheet). Scientists remove the nucleus‚ which contains the genetic material‚ from an egg. The genetic material from an adult somatic cell is removed and placed in the egg. It now has a complete set of genes. The egg is placed in a petri dish to allow it to develop into an embryo‚ which is placed into a surrogate mother to continue
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problem: The Human Genome Project ranks right up there at the top of the scale of scientific advances. The Human Genome Project is useful in many ways and also can be misused in many ways. The problems of Human Genome Project are - Very expensive research Ethical issues The end results of the possible cure might not available to everyone Not natural or safe Who will be allowed access to such abilities Wrong hands and wrong purposes Side affects Discussion: To research more on Human Genome project
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manipulating the DNA of microbes and bacteria should continue to be allowed because it can be used for human benefit in regards to pharmaceuticals and as a fuel supply. Bacteria can be manipulated to create pharmaceuticals that humans can use. For Example‚ genetically modified Insulin is a synthetic insulin made of manipulated bacteria instead of the original cow or pig pancreas. To create this insulin‚ the human gene for insulin production must be attached to E.coli bacteria‚ the microbe that is responsible
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