influence of this structure‚ while not as apparent as that of a building‚ is assumed to be pervasive. All organizations have structure. Hall suggested that structure has two basic functions‚ each of which is likely to affect individual behavior and organizational performance: "First‚ structures are 1We gratefully acknowledge the support received for the preparation of this paper from the Urban Mass Transportation
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Gold Paper 10 April 1994 Quality Customer Satisfaction Public Relations New Directions for Organisational Communication This publication has been funded by a grant from Deutsche Bundespost Postdienst © 1994 International Public Relations Association and the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced‚ stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means‚ electronic‚ mechanical‚ photocopied‚ recorded or otherwise‚ without written permission of
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Conflict Resolution Merriam-Webster (n.d) defines conflict as‚ “the opposition of persons or forces that gives rise to the dramatic action in a drama or fiction”. Interpersonal conflicts‚ whether they are between family members‚ students and teachers‚ employees and supervisors‚ or groups‚ have certain elements in common. Coser (1967) asserts that conflict is "a struggle over values and claims to scarce status‚ power‚ and resources‚ in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize‚ injure‚ or
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Schultz‚ 1 Organizational Commitment Schultz‚ 2 Organizational Commitment Organizational commitment has an important place in the study of organizational behavior. This is in part due to the vast number of works that have found relationships between organizational commitment and attitudes and behaviors in the workplace (Porter et al.‚ 1974‚ 1976; Koch and Steers‚ 1978; Angle and Perry‚ 1981). Furthermore‚ Batemen and Strasser (1984) state that the reasons for studying organizational commitment
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ORGANIZATIONAL PARADIGMS Organizational Paradigms: Rational‚ Natural and Open Systems University of Phoenix Organizational Paradigms: Rational‚ Natural‚ and Open Systems What are organizations? How do we construct successful organizations? What is the most effective organizational structure or culture? Jones (2007) defines an organization as a tool individuals use to coordinate actions in an effort to achieve goals. “Organizational culture is a by-product of the interaction between
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Methodologies and Styles of Conflict Management Mohammad Atashak Member of Young Researchers Club matashak@yahoo.com 09123123141 Parisa Mahzadeh Master degree in educational administration p_mahzadeh@yahoo.com 09122397950 Abstract: Conflict management is an ongoing procedure. It entails continual communication and supervision. In this article‚ has been reviewed the evolution of conflict management and have been studied sources of conflict‚ styles of conflict management‚ conflict management methodologies
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Introduction Organizational politics refers to behaviors “that occur on an informal basis within an organization and involve intentional acts of influence that are designed to protect or enhance individuals’ professional careers when conflicting courses of action are possible” (Drory‚ 1993; Porter‚ Allen‚ & Angle‚ 1981). Organizational politics is an elusive type of power relations in the workplace. It represents a unique domain of interpersonal relations‚ characterized by the direct or indirect
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support by the US when needed most — during the 1965 War and‚ again‚ the 1971 War which led to the disintegration of the country. In fact‚ the US later imposed severe penalties‚ embargoes and sanctions on Pakistan. In the post-9/11 scenario bilateral relations saw a shifting policy pattern to dubiousness‚ and Pakistan still remained target of accusations from all sides. Not only
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ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1. ABSTRACT Organizational conflict is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs‚ values and interests between people working together. Conflict takes many forms in organizations; there is the inevitable clash between formal authority and power and those individuals and groups affected. There are disputes over how revenues should be divided‚ how the work should be done and how long and hard people should work. There are jurisdictional
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Organizational Commitment Introduction The organizational structure of a company is the formal composition of the leadership that is involved in task and responsibility that makes it possible for the company’s management to control‚ coordinate and motivate employees for the full realization of a common goal (George & Jones‚ 2005). Every company has a different model of organization even though there are between five to eight organizational
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