Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 book‚ The Human Side of Enterprise‚ Douglas McGregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories Theory X and Theory Y. Both of these theories begin with the premise that management’s role is to assemble the factors of production‚ including people‚ for the economic benefit of the firm. Beyond this point‚ the two theories of management diverge. Theory X Theory X assumes that the average
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be achieved through either the Modernization Theory‚ a view from the Global North‚ or the Dependency Theory‚ a view from the Global South. These two approaches are diverse from each other; however there are notable similarities between them too. Both the theories lack in certain places thus fail to escape criticism‚ however the Dependency Theory looks at development in a broader aspect. To begin with‚ one of the main similarities between the theories is that they both give much attention to the
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temperament‚ personality‚ and motivation” Wikipedi. Fear is an emotion we are all very familiar with. But how we really know what fear is? This paper will help unravel the misconceptions and false ideas on emotion and fear and brig to light to why is crucial to mankind. In multiple theories‚ cognition is a very important aspect of emotion. Those acting only on emotion may appear as if they are not using logic‚ but mental processes are still needed‚ particularly
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There are five major theories of victimization. These theories discuss how victims and victimization are major focuses in the study of crime. They all share many of the same assumptions and strengths dealing with crime and its victims. The five major theories are Victim precipitation‚ Lifestyle‚ Equivalent group hypothesis‚ Proximity hypothesis‚ and Routine activities. Victim Precipitation assumes that "victims provoke criminals" and that "victims trigger criminal acts by their provocative behavior"
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Attachment Theory John Bowlby was a psychoanalyst and has developed his knowledge and understanding into the theory of Attachment. Bowlby believed that children have been born programmed to form attachments which will help them survive; this is known as evolutionary attachments. Bowlby believed that all attachments are instinctive‚ he said that attachments are shown when the child is under conditions of feeling threatened‚ such as: separation‚ fear and insecurity. In 1969 and 1988 Bowlby suggested
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Summary of Piaget’s Theories Amy Ream CNSL/504 August 28‚ 2012 Joelle McNutt‚ MA.Ed. Summary of Piaget’s Theories The summary of Piaget’s theories includes stages of learning through cognitive development. The cognitive perspective was revolutionized by Jean Piaget‚ a Swiss psychologist. Piaget proposed “that all people pass in a fixed sequence through a series of universal stages of cognitive development”. (Feldman‚ 2008‚ p. 20) Piaget’s theory outlined four stages of development.
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CONTINGENCY THEORY Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. Instead‚ the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. The leading practitioners of which were Tom Burns‚ Joan Woodward‚ Paul Lawrence‚ Jay Lorsch‚ and Fred Fiedler‚ an otherwise theoretically eclectic group who were nevertheless united in their belief that no single organizational
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Madeline Hutcherson Criminology Writing 1 Theories and Burglary Routine activities theory is a theory that was created in the late 1970’s meant to explain crime and victimization. The routine activities theory is based off of the assumption made in previous theories such as deterrence and rational choice theory‚ which offenders rationally think out criminal behaviors before they engage in them. This assumption includes the theory that offenders calculate risks and consequences
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Introduction: When discussing the development theory‚ Erikson had been the frontier with many major contributions. Unlike Freud and Piaget‚ Erikson’s theory of development focused much more on social interactions. While most of us agreed that children do become toilet-trained between ages one and three‚ Erikson’s theory also went further to acknowledge that children also learn to talk‚ walk‚ feed themselves‚ etc. In order to understand Erikson’s theory of development‚ we need to focus on three main
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Psychological Theories: Lifespan vs. Social Learning Theory A Case Study HNC Social Care 13th August 2011 Total Words = 814 During this case study we will be utilising two theories to understand the behaviours of an individual named Alistair. Alistair is 17 years old and originates from Ayrshire. He arrived at Stepdown on 01/06/2011 after it was decided that he no longer met the criteria to be held in secure accommodation‚ however still required supervision.
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