Humanistic psychology‚ in short‚ is the study of an individual as a whole‚ while focusing on how the environmental and cultural factors surrounding that individual influences their thoughts‚ perspectives‚ and behaviors. Humanistic psychology focuses on the healthy human concept and does not isolate any particular aspect of a human being or being human. Humanistic psychologists are better suited to shift between the numerous aspect of psychology‚ based on the need of the individual client. As a science
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Leon Festinger created the cognitive dissonance theory as an attempt to explain why people desire to have consistency between their behaviors and actions. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state people feel when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know‚ or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold (Festinger‚ 1957; as cited in Griffin‚ 2009). Thus‚ people are motivated to change either their behavior or their belief when feelings of dissonance
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Cognitive development starts from the age of infancy and continues through the period of adolescence and on to adulthood. The basic components of cognitive development are mental processes; memory‚ critical thinking/ problem solving‚ categorization‚ language‚ and creativity‚ all of which are formed in the youngest years of a child’s life (Wells‚ Encyclopedia of Children’s Health). Jean Piaget originated and based his work in Switzerland. He had a PhD in Zoology‚ which he used to develop a biologically
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distinguishes who they are from others. Personality theorist also assign different values among themselves to describe subjects and objects that relate to value. Simply put‚ subjects including people‚ and objects we encounter in everyday life have more than one way to describe it. Eventually‚ personality traits are often assigned or given to subjects that are used to describe constant emotions or behaviors that are displayed. Another unit within the personality structures used to provide analysis I
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Social Comparison theory in summary‚ is basically the theory that as human beings we strive to know and evaluate who we are‚ accurately. Festinger believed that you evaluated others and then through comparison to them you evaluate yourself. Through all your social interactions‚ and observations you are constantly making comparisons and evaluating yourself based on the way you look‚ economic class‚ intellect‚ and other various categories. By using social comparison‚ people think that
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were astounding. We learned that environments can have an impact on our behavior. Our social environments can define us. In the Stanford prison experiment the prisoners broke down‚ rebelled‚ and became passively resigned. We learned that role playing affects attitudes. According to the class textbook “When you adopt a new role—when you become a college student‚ marry‚ or begin a new job—you are mindful of the social prescriptions.” (Myers‚ 2014). Before the Stanford Prison experiment took place the
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Theories of cognitive development: Assignment one. ‘Compare and contrast the cognitive theories of the theorists – Piaget‚ Vygotsky & Bruner‚ criticising the basis of each theory’ This essay will be comparing and contrasting the cognitive theories and approaches of Piaget‚ Vygotsky and Bruner. The cognitive approach is based on how as individuals process information‚ past experiences‚ memory and perception. A definition of cognition is “how we consider information that we perceive from our
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From this Theories of Personality course‚ I have learned many concepts that I can apply to my life and would help me in my future career. I really enjoyed the chapter on personality disorders. I find it interesting that there are various types of personality disorders that surround me on a daily basis and not being aware of them. The three types of personalities are distinguished by Cluster A (weird); Cluster B (wild); Cluster C (worried). The one that I am most intrigued by is the wild cluster
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COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY COGNITIVE LEARNING: Cognitive learning is defined as the acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes‚ the procedures we have for manipulating information ’in our heads’. Cognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events‚ and other forms of information processing. But what does it mean? To most people probably very little. Essentially what ’cognition’ means is ’to know’‚ gaining knowledge through thought
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The Social Cognitive Perspective The Social Cognitive Perspective is a psychological theory on personality founded by Albert Bandura that paved the way for Behaviorism. In short‚ the perspective basically states that we learn by observing others or conditioning and model our behaviors after those situations. Mental processes are also emphasized in this theory‚ hence the “cognitive” aspect. Bandura’s perspective focuses on how we interact with our environments and the events we experience. Several
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