seeks the truth. It judges what is best for the person as a whole and functions as our choice for what is best and motivates us to judge to be good. For example‚ instead of drinking the soda‚ I will drink water because soda is bad for you. My reasoning for drinking water stops me from making a bad choice and directs me to make a judgment to be good. Our spirit holds the capacity for emotions that can be shaped by reason. Our spirit contains emotional responses based on value judgments and it functions
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Argumentative Essay: Paley vs. Hume and the existence of a higher being Criticism of religious theories and practices is clearly valid and necessary. After all‚ what caused Jesus’s crucifixion was likely his disapproval of the resistance against his practices and beliefs. Accordingly‚ religious criticism is certainly more effective if it is respectful rather than dismissiveness‚ as it has the potential to elicit meaningful dialogue. While some claim that we come from cells that evolved into organisms
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Hume’s Problem Of Induction In A Treatise of Human Nature‚ Hume challenges the traditional theories of causality‚ the idea that one can make an observation about two events and infer a new claim concerning the conjunction of the first event and the “resulting” second event. Instead of accepting this notion of causality‚ Hume questions the certainty of matters of fact and more specifically induction. Hume states there are two distinct types of knowledge: relations of ideas and matters of fact
Free Logic Inductive reasoning David Hume
What importance does Hume place on the notions of coherence and constancy? How do they fit into his overall argument? As a means of fully understanding the argument brought forward by Hume’s‚ one must understand certain key words used. According to Merriam Webster dictionary online coherence can be defined as “logically or aesthetically ordered or integrated‚ having clarity or intelligibility‚ having the quality of holding together”; and constancy is “the quality of staying the same : lack of change
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In Twilight of the Idols Nietzsche writes‚ "My objection against the whole of sociology in England and France remains that it knows from experience only the forms of decay‚ and with perfect innocence accepts its instincts of decay as the norm of sociological value-judgments. The decline of life‚ the decrease in the power to organize‚ that is to tear open clefts‚ subordinate and super-ordinate -- all this has been formulated as the ideal in contemporary sociology." (p 541). The culture of Europe
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Although Nietzsche isn’t responsible for creating modernism‚ his philosophies were representative of the concerns and uncertainly of the modernist artists. Nietzsche and the modernists shared a dark outlook on society‚ one that he had called in his works "sick" and weak due to the constraints put upon them by the Christian church‚ and traditional values that had gone unquestioned for too long. To truly realize oneself‚ you must break free‚ denounce this imposed morality and search deep inside to
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Both Descartes and Berkeley had a thesis of mediate perception. These theses however‚ were not the same. The difference‚ you see‚ is in how they perceive physical objects. Descartes develops a somewhat realist view in his meditations while Berkeley argues that his non-realist perception can sufficiently account for anything a realist would be able to with their system of philosophy. Essentially‚ Berkeley states that what Descartes believes as corporeal is simply a false understanding of the ideas
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Abstract and Referential Ontology: Descartes Versus Spinoza on the Existence of God. The concept of God is central to the development of Cartesian and Spinozan philosophy. Although both philosophers employ an ontological argument for the existence and necessity of God the specific nature of God differs greatly with each account. While Descartes suggests a Judeo-Christian concept of God‚ Spinoza argues a more monistic deity similar to that of the Hindu tradition. The most significant difference
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infinite number of ways of examining love and religion but none of them can be taken as fact and none of them can be guaranteed as false. In this paper‚ I will examine the ways that Rene Descartes and Saint Augustine examine their lives and what they feel makes their life worth living. In the Meditations‚ Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. He is uncertain of the existence of many things from God and himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by
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Nietzsche The German mastermind Friedrich Nietzsche displayed scorching reactions of the human sociocultural world (especially religion and philosophy) and required a thorough reconsideration of all qualities. Like Darwin‚ Nietzsche introduced a dynamic perspective of reality. The thinker had been enormously affected by the developmental development of the nineteenth century (despite the fact that the scholarly connection amongst Darwin and Nietzsche isn’t regularly stressed or perceived). God- Nietzsche
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