Petroleum Hydrocarbon April 2012 Kaleigh Monroe Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University for Dr. Cassel Gardner SWS 3211- Soils and Water Conservation * * Table of Contents Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Outline………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Introduction to Phytoremediation………………………………………………………………………. 4 About Petroleum Hydrocarbons………………………………………………………………………... 6 Phytoremediation as a solution to Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination……………………………
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Arenes The aromatic hydrocarbons also have the name arenes. They contain in their molecule one or more cycles made up from 6 carbon atoms. When the molecule is formed out of a single cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are mono nucleuses; when the molecule contains more than one cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are poly nucleuses. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon‚ benzene‚ is compound out of just one such cycle; its formula is C6H6. The representation of benzene through a cycle of 6 carbon atoms with 3 double bounds
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different reactivities of different hydrocarbons with different hydrogen atoms when reacted with bromine under free-radical substitution. The time it took for the bromine color to disappear was used to determine the order of reactivity of the different hydrocarbons. Data and Results The data of the 10 hydrocarbon tubes and the 2 control tubes with bromine and dichloromethane in the two different conditions is listed below in Table 1. As a result‚ the hydrocarbon tubes in light reacted and lost the
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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds Aromatic Compounds- possess a ring shaped structure Benzene (C6H6)- aka. naphtha - unsaturated cyclic compound - simplest aromatic HC - all C to C bonds are identical; each C has a H atom - substitution reactions occur instead of addition reaction - delocalized pi bonding in benzene imparts stability (aromaticity); responsible for resistance to addition reactions (involve breaking delocalized bonding) Benzene Derivatives- produced when one or more H atoms on benzene
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L-6 MCQ (A) MCQs of the Textual Exercise 1) In haloalkane _________ bond is formed between carbon and halogen. (a) Ionic (b) van der Waals (c) Covalent (d) hydrogen 2) In haloarene compounds‚ halogen combines with carbon having which hybridization? (a) sp2 (b) sp3 (c) sp (d)dsp2 3) In haloalkane‚ carbon in C-X bond possesses which partial electric charge? (a) Charge less (b) positive (c) negative (d) anionic 4) Which of the following bonds is the strongest?
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Sydney Tar Ponds are the most toxic hazardous waste site in North America‚ located in Cape Breton. These tar ponds were caused essentially from a century of steel making‚ polluting it with high levels of PCB‚ mercury‚ lead and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. This was first discovered in 1980 by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Sydney Harbor‚ which resulted in a period of events and frustrations for both the government and residents. In1982 lobster fisheries were all closed down due to contamination
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HYDROCARBONS 365 UNIT 13 HYDROCARBONS Hydrocarbons are the important sources of energy. After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • • name hydrocarbons according to IUPAC system of nomenclature; recognise and write structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and
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Introduction: This experiment focuses on carrying out a Perkin Reaction to synthesize (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table
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Lab 6: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution(1) Nitration of Methyl Benzoate(2) Synthesis of 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene byFriedel-Crafts Alkylation of 1‚4-DimethoxybenzenePurpose1)To carry out the nitration of methyl benzoate‚ and then identify the major product formed (position at which nitro-group substitution takes place) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)‚ the percent yield and the melting point range. 2)To synthesize 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of
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Experiment H: Identification of an Unknown Organic Compound The objective of this lab was straightforward. We were given an unknown compound and we were to perform an IR spectroscopy and as well as NMR spectroscopy. With the IR spectroscopy‚ I was able to name the functional groups I have on my compound and further confirmed my assumptions by looking at the NMR spectroscopy after. The unknown number I was given was number 203. The molecular weight of the compound was 121. From the molecular weight
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