possible solutions to help meliorating the problem. In order to reduce the air pollutants emitted by the vehicles‚ we suggest installing a 3-way catalytic converter‚ which can oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide 2CO + O2 ---> 2CO2‚ unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water CxH2x+2 + (3x+1)/2 O2 ---> xCO2 + (x+1) H2O and reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 2NOx ---﹥N2 ＋ xO2. Nevertheless‚ the catalytic converter cannot be used on leaded petrol vehicles because Lead will poison
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treat. The bark from willow trees‚ along with a few other trees‚ produces an anti-inflammatory agent called salicin. Salicin is an aromatic alcohol‚ this is indicated by the OH group of the benzene ring (benzene is aromatic hydrocarbon‚ which is an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon). Benzene and the OH groups are substituents as shown in the diagram. By the
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profile due to its ionic bond and hence determines where hydrocarbons are. The log response of this tool is recorded on a scale of 0 to 1. If there is 100% oil in a perforation zone‚ the log response will be close to zero because it does not contain any electrical properties. However if there is a mixture of oil and water‚ due to the percentage of each fluid in the mixture it will shift either closer to zero because there is more hydrocarbons and vice versa. Continuous flow Meter Log: Continuous
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out to be approximately 6.6 billion tons. These substances‚ which arent naturally part of the atmosphere‚ are called pollutants. Over ninety percent of all air pollutants can be divided up into five categories: carbon monoxide‚ nitrogen oxides‚ hydrocarbons‚ sulfur oxides and suspended particulate matter. Mass is only one way of categorizing pollutants. Substances can also be looked at from an effect stand point. For example‚ carbon monoxide (CO) comprises 56% of all air pollutants when looked at
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side transportation activities have resulted in growing levels of motorization and congestion. In conclusion‚ the transportation sector is becoming increasing linked to environment problems. With a technology relying heavily on the combustion of hydrocarbon (eg. fuel)‚ the impact of transportation over environment system has increased with motorization. This has reached a point where transportation activities are a dominant factor behind the emission of most pollutants and thus their impact to environment
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skeleton vary in 4 areas‚ 1. Length 2. Branching 3. Double Bond Position 4. Presence of Rings. Carbon skeletons can have double bonds in different locations and also different numbers of double bonds. 4.Hydrocarbons only have hydrogen and carbon molecules‚ hence the name. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because they mostly consist of hydrogen and carbon bonds that have no charge‚ therefore don’t attract additional bonds. 5.Isomers are compounds made up of the same number of atoms and the same
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terawatts—about a quarter of predicted global energy demand for 2020—and that “capturing just 1/1‚000th of the available energy from the Gulf Stream…would supply Florida with 35% of its electrical needs.” The ocean also has untouched reserves of hydrocarbon fuels (Etzioni). These are both sources of energy that the world greatly needs right now. If ocean expeditions are funded‚ we can learn more about these valuable
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problem. The average speed of traffic in the inner zone of Bangkok is as slow as 8-5 km per hour. Researches have shown that vehicles accounted for approximately 80% of NOx emissions‚ 54% of PM* (particulate matter) emissions and about 100% of hydrocarbon emissions. According to a research paper on Fighting Urban
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in the fracking debate lies over the content of the “fracking fluid.” This fluid is used to increase pressure in shale formations and cause fractures that increase permeability and allow greater access and capture of liquid natural gas or other hydrocarbon products that would be otherwise inaccessible or require numerous more wells be drilled (He‚ Li‚ Liu‚ Barbot‚ Vidic‚ 2014). This fluid consists of water and chemical additives such as‚ “ friction reducers to optimize flow characteristics‚ biocides
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EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Introduction Nanotech applications & Nanoparticles have been successfully used in drilling mud for the Last 40-50 years. Recently the other disciplines of the oil industry‚ such as exploration‚ primary and assisted production‚ monitoring‚ refining and distribution‚ are approaching nanotechnologies due to its immense Potential for Confronting challenges‚ performance improvement & cost. Especially in ultra-deep water and artic environments
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