yield 0.45 g of sucrose (15.0 % of original Panacetin). Isolation of Aspirin: The organic filtrate was extracted through a separatory funnel with 32 mL 5% sodium bicarbonate to produce an aqueous layer and a dichloromethane layer. 7.2 mL 6 M hydrochloric acid were added to the aqueous layer until the pH was 2. The mixture was then cooled in an ice/water bath for 10 minutes. The aspirin was collected by vacuum filtration. After it dried‚ it yielded 0.93 g (30.9 % of original Panacetin). Isolation
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is not in the normal blood pH‚ the person can fall sick and it might be harm to the person. The maintenance of blood pH is called acid-base homeostasis. Acid-base homeostasis is a complex synergy that involving lungs‚ kidneys and a buffer chemical in blood and blood cells. BACKGROUND A substance that has high concentration of hydrogen ion in solution is called acid and solution that has low concentration of hydrogen ion is base. Base
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Exercise No. 8 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ACID DERIVATIVES I. OBJECTIVES: • To investigate the physical and chemical properties of Carboxylic acid and its derivatives • To understand the reactions of carboxylic compounds and derivatives. II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Solubility of Carboxylic acids in 10% NaHCO¬3 Acetic acid - formation of bubbles Benzoic acid - formation of bubbles Test for Acetic acid NaOH + Acetic acid - blue litmus paper turned red NaOH + Acetic acid + FeCl3 - red colored
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Formic acid is known to be the simplest carboxylic acid‚ and it is an important factor in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally. The chemical formula for Formic Acid is CH202‚ and is mostly found in the venom of bee and ant stings. Formic acid is clear and colorless with a pungent odor. Formic acid is used in many ways; Formic acid is used to preserve livestock. It is also sprayed on animal food and fresh hay to reduce the decay rate. It can also be used as a pesticide to protect bee
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Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
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How does changing the particle size of marble (CaCO3) affect the rate of reaction when it is added to hydrochloric acid (HCl)? Hypothesis: If I change the particle size of marble to test how to change the rate of a chemical reaction‚ than the chemical reaction with the smallest marble particles will produce CO2 the quickest because the larger the surface area‚ the more place the hydrochloric acid will have to collide with the marble. Variables: Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled
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Electrolysis a) Electrolysis is the decomposition of a substance to give simpler substances. The substance being electrolysed has to be an ionic compound. b) The substance being decomposed is called the electrolyte. c) In electrolysis the electric current enters and leaves the electrolyte by conducting rods called electrodes. The positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode is called the cathode. d) For electrolysis to occur the electrolyte must be in liquid form so that
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Observing a Limiting Reactant An experiment was carried out to predict the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric acid‚ using the mole concept. Limiting Reactant: It is the reactant that will deplete or will be used up first during a chemical reaction. Limiting reactant also determine how long the reaction will last for. Balanced Equation: Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 The balanced equation is needed to determine the mole ratio between the two reactants. From
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Restoring Balance LeChâtelier’s Principle and Equilibrium Introduction Chemical equilibrium is a true balancing act. What happens when the balance is disturbed? The purpose of this lab is to observe the effects of concentration and temperature on equilibrium and to visualize how balance can be restored based on LeChâtelier’s Principle. Background Not all chemical reactions proceed to completion‚ that is‚ to give 100% yield of products. In fact‚ most chemical reactions are reversible
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start our experiment‚ then‚ using a pipet‚ added 3 ml of water to test tube 1‚ and 3 ml of sucrase stock solution to test tubes 2‚ 3‚ and 4. We left test tubes 1 and 2 untreated‚ while we treated test tube 3 with 10 drops of concentrated HCl (hydrochloric acid) and test tube 4 with 10 drops of concentrated NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide). We then added with a pipet 2 ml of a 1% sucrase solution to each of the four test tubes. We mixed the contents of the test tubes by swirling them and allowed them to stand
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