the earth’s crust as well as in sea water. Though chlorine does not exist naturally as a gas‚ chlorine is obtained through a chemical reaction involving a sodium chloride and water mixture known as brine. When an electrical current is passed through the brine it reacts and breaks up the solution into chlorine‚ caustic soda and hydrogen gas. The reaction looks like this: 2NaCl + 2H2 ----- Cl2 + 2NaOH + H2. Not only is the chlorine exceptionally useful‚ but the caustic soda that is a co-product of
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Bromide 9 KMnO4 Potassium Manganate (VII) 10 Cu(OH)2 Copper (II) Hydroxide 11 FeSO4 Iron (II) Sulfate 12 NH4Cl Ammonium Chloride 13 ZnCO3 Zinc Carbonate 14 SnF2 Tin (II)Fluoride 15 MgSO4 Magnesium Sulfate 16 MnO2 Manganese (IV) Oxide 17 Ca3(PO4)2 Tricalcium Phosphate 18 NaOH Sodium Hydroxide 19 HCl Hydrogen Cloride 20 Ba(HSO3)2 Barium Bisulfite 21 HNO3 Hydrogen Nitrate 22 FeSO3 Iron (II) Sulfite 23 Al2S3 Aluminum Sulfide 24 KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Part B Write the formulas
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time of which this happens is then recorded and monitored using a stopwatch. The symbol equation of this reaction is as follows: The above symbol equation shows the reaction: Sodium thisoulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride‚ water‚ precipitate of sulphur as well as sulphur dioxide. The results that I recorded from this experiment were poor. This is because they were not
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groups like alkyl chloride or bromides. In addition‚ chlorine atoms can possibly be made from molecular chlorine under low to mild conditions with the usage of a catalytic amount of an initiator. Sulfuryl chloride is used in this lab instead of molecular chloride for safety purposes. Free radical chain of chlorination takes palace in three separate steps. These steps are the initiation step‚ the propagation step and the termination. The purpose
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Surname Centre No. Initial(s) Paper Reference 4 3 3 5 Candidate No. 2 H Signature Paper Reference(s) 4335/2H Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only Chemistry Paper 2H Higher Tier Tuesday 6 November 2007 – Morning Time: 2 hours Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number‚ candidate number‚ your surname
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Symbol H+ Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Cs+ Be2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Ra2+ Zn2+ Symbol Cu+ Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn2+ Mn3+ Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Name Symbol Name hydrogen ion H¯ hydride lithium ion F¯ fluoride Note that the sodium ion Cl¯ chloride letters in an ion’s potassium ion Br¯ bromide name before the rubidium ion I¯ iodide -ide ending is 2¯ cesium ion O oxide the stem. For 2¯ beryllium ion S sulfide example‚ the stem magnesium
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valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as chlorine also exist as diatomic gases by forming covalent bonds. The nitrogen and oxygen which makes up the bulk of the atmosphere also exhibits covalent bonding in forming diatomic molecules
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1. (a)Correct the following statements. (i) The melting points of crystalline and amorphous solids are not definite. The melting point of an amorphous solid is not definite. OR The melting point of a crystalline solid is definite. P Ps X solute . Ps P Ps The equation for relative lowering of vapour pressure when solute remains normal is X solute P (iii)The degree of ionization decreases with dilution. The degree of ionisation increases with dilution. (iv) Tertiary butyl halide
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Gerona‚ Evelyn Chemical Reactions Experiment No. 7 Date Performed: Feb. 17‚ 2014 Date Submitted: Feb. 24‚ 2014 Mrs. Vitancol I. Theoretical Framework A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically‚ chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms‚ with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present)‚ and can often
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marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ] SECTION I (40 Marks) Attempt all questions from this Section Question 1 (a) Select from the list the gas that matches the description given in each case: [ammonia‚ ethane‚ hydrogen chloride‚ hydrogen sulphide‚ ethyne] (i) This gas is used as a reducing agent in reducing copper oxide to copper. (ii) This gas produces dense white fumes with ammonia gas. (iii) This gas is used for welding purposes. (iv) This gas is also a saturated hydrocarbon
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