Comparison of the rate of reaction and yield of glycerol in saponification with different triglycerides Chemistry EE Candidate number: 0019 Word count: 3974 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 2 RESEARCH QUESTION 5 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 5 METHODOLOGY 10 DATA PRESENTATION AND PROCESSING 13 CONCLUSION 24 EVALUATION 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 Introduction In 1779‚ Carl W. Scheele‚ a Swedish chemist‚ discovered a new transparent‚ syrupy liquid by heating olive oil and litharge . This
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The cobalt (II) chloride is added with hydrochloric acid‚ which a pink solution is formed. When the test tube is placed in a water bath with 60 ‚ the solution turns from light pink to dark pink. This is because the cobalt(II) chloride dissolve in solution is an endothermic reaction which it tend s to form blue cobalt (II) chloride in the solution. The dark pink solution is formed instead of light pink because the dark pink
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* MORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE A LOW BOND THAN BRANCH * -ene (double bond)‚ -yne (triple bond)‚ -anol (oxygen then hydrogen)‚ chloro/bromo/fluoro/iodo- (halogen)‚ amino- (nitrogen)‚ -anoic acids (one oxygen with a single‚ one with a double bond) * If there is a double or triple bond write it just before ene or yne. Eg. But-2-ene * If naming an alcohol (an oxygen and a hydrogen)‚ if there is a double or triple bond‚ -anol becomes‚ for example‚ -ene-2-ol or –yne-3-ol * Make sure you write
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the base. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) When a weak acid is neutralised some of the energy is needed to dissociate the molecules to make the hydrogen ions available for neutralisation. The result is a value for neutralisation enthalpy lower than - 57 kJ/mol (numerically lower‚ not more negative!) Note that as the weak acid is in equilibrium as the hydrogen ions are ’mopped up’ by the base the equilibrium shifts to the right hand side to make more until eventually all of the acid is able to react
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form the shared pairs form covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms. The remaining two pairs are unshared and have a greater repulsive effect than the shared pairs. The combined repulsive effect of the two unshared electron pairs produces an H-O-H bond angle that is smaller than the H-C-H bond angle (109.47 degrees) in methane or the H-N-H bond angle (107 degrees) in ammonia. Actual measurement of the bond angle in water is 104.5. If the two hydrogen nuclei were
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Copper Chloride Lab Report Procedure Part A: 1. Pick up the container of copper chloride dehydrate‚ and observe material. Describe crystals in detail‚ and write down all of the observations. Part B: 1. Take a 100 ml beaker and fill ¼ of it with water. Use a spatula to add some copper chloride dehydrate to the beaker filled with water. Record the observations. Be sure to observe the water and the copper chloride dehydrate. 2. Stir the contents in the beaker with
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Summer Assignment – AP Biology – Chapters 2-5 Chapter 2 1. CHNOPS are the six most crucial elements in most macromolecules. Name them. Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Oxygen‚ Phosphorous‚ Sulfur. 2. Create a chart and state how many bonds each of the CHNOPS elements can form. Carbon | Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Phosphorous | Sulfur | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 or 5 | 2 | 3. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast polar covalent bonds‚ nonpolar covalent bonds‚ and ionic bonds.
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in yeast During respiration‚ hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose molecules by enzymes called dehydrogenases and passed to various chemicals called hydrogen acceptors. As the hydrogen atoms pass from one hydrogen acceptor to another‚ energy is made available for chemical reactions in the cell. In this way‚ substances such as glucose provide energy for vital reactions in living organisms. In this experiment‚ a dye called methylene blue acts as an artificial hydrogen acceptor. When this dye is reduced
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From the experiment‚ it was determined that Sodium chloride had a crystalline structure‚ even after being broken into smaller pieces with a hammer. Even though there was two different types of Sodium chloride‚ coarse and fine‚ they still had a symmetrical‚ three-dimensional shape. All ionic compounds have this structure. It was also found that Sodium chloride had a high melting point and sugar had a low melting point. This is because Sodium chloride is ionic and the bonds holding it together take much
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In this lab‚ theoretical chemical equations of ionic compounds were balanced by the group to determine ratios of reactants and products. The products were determined by the group through switching the cation with their anion partner. Using this information‚ it was determined by the group‚ whether the reaction should result in a solid‚ gas‚ or water based on theoretical solubility. Then several experiments testing the reaction of these ionic compounds were performed by the partners. Two ionic compounds
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