ELECTROLYSIS Electrolysis decomposition of compound using electricity Electrolyte an ionic compound which conducts electric current in molten or aqueous solution‚ being decomposed in the process. Electrode a rod or plate where electricity enters or leaves electrolyte during electrolysis. Reactions occur at electrodes. Discharge the removal of electrons from negative ions to form atoms or the gain of electrons of positive ions to become atoms. Anode
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with potassium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol. The 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane will lose a hydrogen from three different carbons that cause the formation of three constitutional isomers. If the hydroxide ion attacks a hydrogen on the 3-methyl carbon‚ then 2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-heptene will be the product. If a hydrogen on the carbon-2 was attacked‚ then the product would be 3‚ 7-dimethyl-2-octene. If a hydrogen was attacked on the carbon-4‚ then 3‚ 7-dimethyl-3-octene will result (Figure 1). As a side
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things. * Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ and other molecules that distinguish living matter from inorganic material are all composed of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements. * These other elements commonly include hydrogen (H)‚ oxygen (O)‚ nitrogen (N)‚ sulfur (S)‚ and phosphorus (P). (CHONPS) Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds * The study of carbon compounds‚ organic chemistry‚ deals with any compound with carbon (organic compounds)
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THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE (Review 1-7) I. Basic Chemistry A. Elements 1. Definition- an element is a substance composed of a single type of atom 2. Major elements of the human body 3. Trace elements of the body B. Atoms 1. Definition- the atom is the smallest part of an element which cannot be broken down further by ordinary chemical means. Atoms are composed of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 2. Particles that make up atoms
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Stars expand as they grow old. As the core runs out of hydrogen and then helium‚ the core contacts and the outer layers expand‚ cool‚ and become less bright. This is a red giant or a red super giant (depending on the initial mass of the star). It will eventually collapse and explode. Its fate is determined by the original mass of the star; it will become either a black dwarf‚ neutron star‚ or black hole. NEBULA -A nebula is a cloud of gas (hydrogen) and dust in space. Nebulae are the birthplaces of
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Chemical Reaction: Cold Packs CHM110 Chemical Reaction: Cold Packs Introduction Chemical reactions happen every day in a variety of ways. We will explore the science behind cold packs and the chemical reactions that happen at the molecular level. Furthermore‚ we will examine and explain what chemical bonds are formed‚ broken‚ or both. The product is a simple construct of two bags: one containing water (solvent) and the other a chemical compound called ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). In order to activate
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state‚ liquid under pressure. Colourless Intensely irritating ammoniacal odour‚ with an odour threshold of 5-53 ppm Soluble in water alcohol and ether. pH of 11.7 Flammability limit of 15.5-25% Auto ignition temperature of 651C Elemental hydrogen and nitrogen gas are abundant and inexpensive. Using temperature 500C and pressure 150-200 atm‚ iron catalyst. Applications Mainly Fertilizer explosives such as TNT and ammonium nitrate Nylon Used for making ice and air conditioning units
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combinations of elements. While you probably know your body is mostly water‚ which is hydrogen and oxygen. Most of the human body is made up of water‚ H2O‚ with cells consisting of 65-90% water by weight. Therefore‚ it isn’t surprising that most of a human body’s mass is oxygen. Carbon‚ the basic unit for organic molecules‚ comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements: oxygen‚ carbon‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ calcium‚ and phosphorus. Chemistry of Love The emotions that you
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Periodic Table: * Mass Number = protons + neutrons in the nucleus * Atomic Number = number of protons in the nucleus * Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number Example: Lithium (Li) * # of protons + # of neutrons = mass # * 3 + 4 = 6.9/ 7 * The atomic mass is the mean of all the isotopes of Lithium in nature; round the number * Isotopes of a specific element have a varying number of neutrons * The number
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DEFINITIONS OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION (REDOX) This page looks at the various definitions of oxidation and reduction (redox) in terms of the transfer of oxygen‚ hydrogen and electrons. It also explains the terms oxidising agent and reducing agent. Oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen transfer Definitions • Oxidation is gain of oxygen. • Reduction is loss of oxygen. For example‚ in the extraction of iron from its ore: [pic] Because both reduction and oxidation are going on side-by-side
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