Structure and bonding Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between an metal and a non-metal. The metal loses an electron or electrons form its highest energy level becoming a positively charged Ion and the non-metal gains an electron or electrons in its highest energy level‚ becoming a negatively charged Ion. Covalent bonds are strong bonds between two non-metal atoms. A covalent bond forms when two
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enough for the atomic velocities not to be able to escape the system’s gravity‚ so star formation only occurs in a few areas. The sites of star formation in the galaxy are mostly located within molecular clouds – expansive‚ cool clouds of mostly hydrogen and helium gas. Molecular clouds are on average too diffuse to contract gravitationally‚ but within a cloud are regions of locally higher density‚ which are the sites of active star formation. It is not known exactly what causes molecular clouds
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anions we were testing for could only be determined from one specific result for example if a black precipitate formed following the tests the substance is therefore a sulphide however the same result would also show the presence of carbonate and hydrogen carbonate this therefore means that it is difficult to distinguish between the two and therefore further tests would need to be carried out this test enables you to distinguish clearly between the two and includes adding a drop of phenolphthalein
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old when the super force decays into the separate force of nature. Roughly 3 minutes after the big bang‚ the temperature of the universe have dropped to 1 billion degrees Fahrenheit‚ cool enough for atomic nuclei to form. The element hydrogen forms and some hydrogen atoms fuse to create heliums. During the fourth minute of the big bang‚ reactions took place that locked up the remaining neutrons in helium nuclei. By just over 30 minutes after the big bang‚ all of the positrons (anti-matter) had
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is produced for every 1 mole of Zn(s) 2. 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g) 3 moles of H2(g) is produced for every 2 moles of Al(s) Both the aluminum and the zinc contained in the alloy react to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction occurs in a test tube and generates hydrogen gas which pushes
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H-- C -- C -- C --- O -- C -- C -- H ethyl propanoate H H H H 6. The formula of ethanoic acid (C2 H4 O2) shows four hydrogen atoms‚ but it is a monobasic acid. This means that it: A monobasic acid is an acid that has only one hydrogen ion to donate to a base in an acid-base reaction. 7. Soil – less culture is known as: hydroponics 8. The use of living organisms to control pests is called: biological control 9. Silicates
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Copper sulphate experiment Introduction There are a number of different methods of making salts‚ such as the reaction of a metal with an acid. Copper metal‚ however‚ does not react with sulphuric acid and so another method must be used. In this experiment a basic copper compound (copper(II) oxide) will be reacted with sulphuric acid giving copper(II) sulphate as one of the products. Method 1. Wear goggles and keep your face away from the beaker during the reaction 2. Place 20 cmm3 sulphuric
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formed products based on a BALANCED chemical equation. Mass Molar Mass Mole Coeff Bal Eqn Mole Molar Mass Mass Example 2 • The Haber Process involves reacting gaseous nitrogen and gaseous hydrogen to form ammonia. Determine the mass in grams of hydrogen gas required to form 1.00 x 103 g ammonia. Your Turn 2 • If you react 52.9 g of potassium chlorate (KClO3) with excess phosphorus‚ what mass of tetraphosphorus decoxide (P4O10) would be produced. KClO3 (s) +
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Chapter 5: Solutions‚ Colloids‚ and Membranes Chapter Summary Mixtures and Solutions * A mixture maintains its identity regardless of the proportions of its components. * A mixture can be separated into its pure components through physical separation techniques. * The components are distributed uniformly throughout a homogenous mixture. * The components are not distributed uniformly throughout a heterogeneous mixture. * A solution is composed of a solvent and one or more solutes
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was to make a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) that instead of charging a battery‚ would deliver its power directly to an electrolysis apparatus to make hydrogen and oxygen gas. The reason for doing this would be to avoid the complications and expenses of inverters‚ batteries‚ and connecting the turbine to the grid. It would also make hydrogen gas which could power a car‚ a generator‚ or be used as a welding/cutting torch‚ which is what I intended to use it for. That was the idea‚ however I
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