Elements If God has any favorite elements‚ they must be Hydrogen‚ Carbon‚ Nitrogen and Oxygen. These four elements make up the majority of all Biological compounds. Without them‚ life on this planet as we know it could not exist. Due to the bonding possibilities between and among these elements‚ literally millions of organic compounds are possible. Carbon is the backbone of all organic compounds. It forms the main structure of the molecule with Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Oxygen and occasionally other elements
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early atmosphere - earth roughly 4 billion yrs old - created by volcanoes erupting + releasing gases - contained mostly co2 + water vapour - earth cooled + water vapour condensed to form oceans - co2 dissolved into oceans + used to form marine organism shells which were compacted to form sedimentary rock - plants evolved to photosynthesise‚ takingin co2 + releasing oxygen - scientists don’t kno where all nitrogen came from bc they weren’t there to record evidence but most theories suggest
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valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as chlorine also exist as diatomic gases by forming covalent bonds. The nitrogen and oxygen which makes up the bulk of the atmosphere also exhibits covalent bonding in forming diatomic molecules
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vary in length and shape. Hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ and oxygen atoms are the most common atoms that are generally attached to the carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has 4 as its valence number which increases the complexity of the compounds that are formed. Since carbon atoms are able to create double and triple bonds with other atoms‚ it further also raises the likelihood for variation in the molecular make-up of organic compounds. [1] Carbon can also bond with itself and hydrogen to form both chains and rings
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If you are looking for instructions about building a lemon battery to light an LED‚ see Lemon Battery at Wikibooks. The lemon battery is a simple type of electrical battery that is commonly made for school science projects because it illustrates a battery’s main components. Typically‚ a piece of zinc metal and a piece of copper metal are inserted into a lemon. Everyday objects such as galvanized nails and copper pennies can be used for the zinc and for the copper. A single lemon is usually studied
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electricity through the solution used in electrolysis. During electrolysis‚ positive and negative electrodes are needed. The positive electrode (anode) experiences oxidation (loses electrons and hydrogen‚ gains oxygen) ‚ where the negative electrode (cathode) experiences reduction (gains electrons and hydrogen‚ loses oxygen). In our daily lives‚ we can see the applications of electrolysis in many ways. The process of electrolysis is used for accumulators (car batteries)‚ electroplating (the covering
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then the gas is oxygen. When hydrogen is being tested‚ a burning splint will be used and when the splint is placed in to the mystery gas and a “pop” sound occurs‚ then the gas is hydrogen. When carbon dioxide is being tested‚ limewater will be added to the gas (produced by combining hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate)‚ if the limewater turns cloudy or turns milky then the gas is carbon dioxide. Question What is the effect of different reactants on
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they are polar or non-polar via the models? k) Can we understand hydrogen bonding via the models 3) Hypothesis l) Using models made out of simple objects will help us better understand the structure of a molecule. Using color coordinated material will allow us to determine the number of atoms per molecule which will in turn help us understand if the molecule is bonding covalently‚ ionically‚ or is a hydrogen bond. This will help understand if the molecule is polar or non-polar or
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splint near the mouth of the test tube to test for the presence of hydrogen gas. We notice one of the products is lead iodide which is insoluble so it precipitates out and indeed its colour is yellow. 3) Mg + 2 HCl = MgCl2 + H2 3. Electrolysis of water Use a U-tube with electrodes at each end‚ connected to a battery. Fill the U-tube with water. Turning on the battery‚ observe the results at each electrode. Next‚ test for hydrogen and oxygen gas produced at each end of the tube. Electrolysis
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It’s A Gas! Name____________________________ Pd. _______ Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to look at some properties of three common compounds‚ CO2‚ H2‚ O2. Materials: Zinc Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen peroxide Manganese dioxide Calcium Carbonate (marble chips) Safety:The Hydrochloric acid used in this experiment could cause blindness upon contact with the eyes. Wear your goggles and handle it with care. Procedure: I. Place approximately
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