of unique “tetraether lipids” in which two hydrophilic heads attached to the same hydrophobic tail through ether bonds – more stable‚ less fluid Bulky isoprenoid core. Ether linkage characteristic of these membranes less sensative to acid hydrolysis than ester linkage. 2. Membrane channel have a reduced pore size. Control size of the entrance to the pore and the ion selectivity at the porin entrance. Control influx of proton across the outer membrane 3. Protein influx inhibited by
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Muscle Metabolism To complete this worksheet‚ select: Module: Support and Movement Activity: Animations Title: Muscle Metabolism Introduction 1. How do muscle cells use ATP? 2. Describe ATP hydrolysis and explain its significance to muscle cells. 3. How is ATP regenerated? 4. Summarize the role of ATP with regard to the following myosin head activities. a. energizing b. detaching Energy Sources 5.
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stiffening or gluing agent. The biggest industrial non-food use of starch is as adhesive in the papermaking process. Contents [hide] • 1 Name • 2 History • 3 Energy store of plants o 3.1 Biosynthesis • 4 Properties o 4.1 Structure o 4.2 Hydrolysis o 4.3 Dextrinization o 4.4 Chemical tests • 5 Food o 5.1 Starch industry 5.1.1 Starch sugars 5.1.2 Modified starches
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Research Question How will the addition of different pH buffers to amylase affect the rate of starch digestion measured using starch and iodine? Introduction Amylase is an enzyme found in human saliva and pancreas. It is the digestive enzyme that is needed to breakdown starch molecules. Amylase must be kept at certain conditions to function at its optimum level. This experiment will explore the effect of pH (1‚ 4‚ 7‚ 10‚ and 14) on the function of amylase by using starch and iodine. Usually
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myosin and actin in skeletal muscle sarcomeres‚ explain why active force varies with changes in the muscle’s resting length. Active force is generated from myosin thick filaments bind to thin actin filaments‚ engaging the cross bridge cycle and ATP hydrolysis. Active force data changes as the resting length of the muscle changes. When the resting length of the muscle is shortened‚ the active force amount increases. When the resting length of the muscle is lengthened‚ the active force amount decreases
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Aldehydes‚ Ketones and Saccharides Aldehydes – contains a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain. – RCOH Ketones – contains a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain. – RCOR * 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test - Test for Carbonyl group * Sodium Bisulfate Test- Test for Aldehydes and Methy Ketones * White precipitate * Ketones with more than 2 carbon – non-reactive * Ketones with 2 carbons – slightly reactive * Schiff’s
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chemically bonded together. How are polymers formed? Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water‚ and the two monomers are joined together. How are polymers broken down? Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation) the reverse of dehydration synthesis. Water added to the polymer‚ unlinking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units. Carbohydrates Group of organic molecules that
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The fungal plasma membrane proton-ATPase is a membrane protein that belongs to primary ATPase-transporters class. ATPases in this class are characterized by their ability to convert the chemical energy generated by ATP hydrolysis to kinetic energy required for the transport of ions through the membrane. ATPase transporters are classified to P-‚F-‚V-ATPases and ABC transporters. Fungal plasma membrane proton-ATPase belongs to class P-type ATPases . Other members of the P-type ATPase class include
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handle. Calcium hypochlorite reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate and release dichlorine monoxide: ~\mathrm{Ca(ClO)_2 + CO_2\longrightarrow \ CaCO_3 + Cl_2O \uparrow}. A calcium hypochlorite solution is basic. This is due to the hydrolysis performed by the hypochlorite ion‚ as hypochlorous acid is weak‚ but calcium hydroxide is a strong base. As a result‚ the hypochlorite ion is a strong conjugate base‚ and the calcium ion is a weak conjugate acid: ClO− + H2O → HClO + OH− Similarly
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Sean Byrne Teacher Biology Honors 13 August 2014 Unit 1 Chapter 3 1) a. Monomers are small‚ simple molecules that when put together create carbon compounds‚ and polymers are molecules that consist of repeated units. b. Functional groups are made of clusters of atoms‚ while macromolecules are large polymers. c. A monosaccharide is a simple sugar‚ but a disaccharide is known as a double sugar‚ or two monosaccharaides. d. Long chains of amino acids are called polypeptides‚ and proteins are composed
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