Summary of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides‚ Disaccharides‚ Polysaccharides Carbohydrates are molecules that are synthesized from carbon‚ oxygen‚ and hydrogen atoms. Some types of carbohydrates consist of a single unit consisting of a few atoms‚ while other carbohydrates consists of thousands of units linked together through chemical bonds. Glucose‚ maltose‚ and glycogen are three carbohydrates that are similar‚ but structurally different. Carbohydrates have the general molecular formula CH2O. Starch
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enzymes‚ namely‚ digestive‚ metabolic and food enzymes. An example of a digestive enzyme is Lactase. Also called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase‚ Lactase helps to break down lactose‚ a disaccharide‚ into the monosaccharaides glucose and galactose by hydrolysis. A lock and key diagram below shows how the substrate‚ lactose‚ reacts with the active site‚ lactase‚ to form products‚ glucose and galactose. The diagram below also outlines how enzymes such as lactase are specific. During the early stages of
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Abstract The main goal of the enzyme kinetics experiment was to see how the phosphatase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl produced p-nitrophenol in the presence of phosphate and fluoride ion inhibitors of various concentrations. The calculated Km constant was found to be 0.22 for all reactions. The Vmax values for each inhibition ion were 0.00986 for the phosphate ion and 0.00436 for the fluoride ion. The inhibitor constant‚ Ki‚ was determined to be 0.0967 for the phosphate ion. The inhibitor
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reaction in which this takes place is called a condensation reaction and it involves the loss of water (H2O) and the formation of a glycosidic bond. The reverse of this reaction‚ the formation of two monosaccharides from one disaccharide‚ is called a hydrolysis reaction and requires one water molecule to supply the Hydrogen and Oxygen-Hydrogen to the sugars formed. Some examples of disaccharides include Sucrose (glucose + fructose) which is used in many plants for transporting food reserves‚ often from
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μg/ml in that order. Casein’s concentration was deduced through the Warburg-Christian Method yielded 0.265 mg/ml. Discussion of Data and Results Invertase—also known as sucrase‚ saccharase or β-fructofuranosidase—is an efficient enzyme in the hydrolysis of sucrose. Despite abundance in molds‚ bacteria‚ plants and higher animals; the most common source of invertase has remained to be yeast‚ in which “invertase exists in more than one form—the lightweight (135 kDa)
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Erosion From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search For morphological image processing operations‚ see Erosion (morphology). For use of in dermatopathology‚ see Erosion (dermatopathology). A natural arch produced by the erosion of differentially weathered rock in Jebel Kharaz‚ Jordan Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth’s surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow‚ and then transported and deposited in other locations
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Purpose The purpose is to research the reactions that morphine undergoes and its importance is the studies of grade 12 students‚ as well as its uses in health‚ its effect on the environment‚ its role in a large industry of narcotics‚ and the risks and benefits associated with morphine. Morphine has been used over the course of thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes it is derived from the opium poppy. The milk like liquid that seeps from a cut of the flower is what has
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CHEM/ENCH 212 EXPERIMENT II: KINETICS OF NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION DATE OF SUBMISSION: Table of Contents Experimental Table : Hazardous properties of chemicals used in the experiment.[1] Acetone Irritant. Do not inhale vapors. Highly flammable. 2 chloro‚ 2 methyl propane Flammable. Equipment 1. Conductivity probe 2. Constant temperature water circulation bath 3. Stir-plate with stirring magnets
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Mastering Concepts 2.1 1. Which chemical elements do organisms require in large amounts? Carbon‚ oxygen‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ sulfur‚ and phosphorus are the chemical elements that organisms require in large amounts. 2. Where in an atom are protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons located? An atom’s protons and neutrons are in its nucleus. A cloud of electrons surrounds the nucleus. 3. What does an element’s atomic number indicate? An atom’s atomic number indicates the number of protons in its nucleus
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of the sodium salt of benzene sulfonic acid‚ by the Dow process‚ and by the air oxidation of cumene. Each of these processes is described below. You can also prepare small amounts of phenol by the peroxide oxidation of phenylboronic acid and the hydrolysis of diazonium salts. Pyrolysis of sodium benzene sulfonate In this process‚ benzene sulfonic acid is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting salt is mixed with solid sodium hydroxide and fused at a high temperature. The product of
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