The Biological Importance of Water In Living Organisms Water is the most important molecule in cells‚ the whole organisms and on earth‚ this is due to it’s unique physical and chemical properties. ” A water molecule‚ because of its shape‚ is a polar molecule. That is‚ it has one side that is positively charged and one side that is negatively charged”(1). A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom and the bonds between these atoms are single covalent bonds. Fig 1. The
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Joanne Kathleen Saori T. Suzuki‚ Laurent Santos‚ Val Justin D.M. Tongco* College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila Philippines Abstract Salivary amylase‚ found in humans‚ is enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler compounds. Its enzymatic activity is affected by several factors‚ such as temperature and pH. The rates of enzymatic activity of salivary amylase in different temperatures and pH were measured and resulted to be very near 50 C and 7 respectively. However
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reducing sugars by acid of carbohydrate cereals powder‚ jams (total sugar content) and jams (reducing sugar content) were performed in order to study reducing sugar production. The study involved hydrolysis carbohydrate cereals powder and jams by immersing in boiling water at environmental temperature. Acid hydrolysis was carried out through reflux boiling for 20 minutes with 10ml 0f 1.5M concentrations of diluted sulphuric acid. Reducing sugars concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry using the
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At the beginning of the semester‚ samples of bacteria were obtained from various sources. Two bacterial colonies were isolated from plates that were incubated in the lab and these bacteria became the basis for this project. The bacterial cultures were maintained and used for various physiological‚ cultural‚ and biochemical tests and observations over several weeks. The purpose of culturing bacteria over half the course of the semester was to learn various techniques used in microbiology labs and
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www.kalvisolai.com 5 Mark Compulsory Problems with Solution 1 +2 CHEMISTRY Q. 70 Compulsory Problems with Solution Problems are solved in easiest way (As per Government Answer Key) www.kalvisolai.com 5 Mark Compulsory Problems with Solution 2 SALIENT FEATURES Dear Students ❆ Q.No: 70 is asked as compulsory problem in Govt Exam. ❆ Two problems to be answered out of four problems. ❆ To simplify the problem‚ hints and expected compounds related to molecular formula‚ general formula are
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Lipids and Phospholipids The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The head which is hydrophilic contains a group of phosphate‚ a diglyceride and a simple molecule e.g. choline. The tail is hydrophobic and is made up of fatty acids. Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The
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Chapter 1: May/June 06 1 What is the resolution‚ in nanometres‚ of an electron microscope and of a light microscope? A electron microscope 0.5 light microscope 20 B 0.5 200 C 5.0 20 D 5.0 200 2 The diagram shows a drawing of an electron micrograph of a cell. Which structures are surrounded by double membranes? Golgi apparatus lysosome mitochondrion nucleus cytoplasm A ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ B ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ C ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ D ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ 3 In which animal cells would Golgi apparatus be most abundant
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Cellular Functions CORE TOPIC 1: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS Learning Outcomes: (a) Describe and interpret drawings and photographs of typical animal and plant cells as seen under the electron microscope‚ recognising the following membrane systems and organelles: rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum‚ Golgi body‚ mitochondria‚ ribosomes‚ lysosomes‚ chloroplasts‚ cell surface membrane‚ nuclear envelope‚ centrioles‚ nucleus and nucleolus. (b) Outline the functions of the membrane systems and organelles
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glycerol Hydroxypropyl starch Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate Hydroxypropyl distarch glycerol Starch sodium octenyl succinate Modified starches consist of starch with low to very low level of substituent group. Enzymatic modification of starch is hydrolysis of some part of starch into a low molecular weight of starch called maltodextrin‚ or dextrin using amylolytic enzymes (Miyazaki et al.‚ 2006). They are widely used for food and pharmaceutical industries. Physical modification involves pre-gelatinization
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temperature‚ ph and effect of a competitive inhibitor phosphate ions. This is determined by the reaction of hydrolysis by p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNP) as a substrate by the enzyme phosphatase. Abstract The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate has been studied in human red blood cells. To see if hydrolysis was related to the functioning of the sodium pump. Acid phosphatase catalysis’s the hydrolysis of p-nitophenyl phosphate under four different objectives ph‚ temperature‚ substrate inhibition and a
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