Saccharification of Pineapple Ananas comosus peelings through Dilute Acid Hydrolysis Rhoy M. Capul Ma. Michelle Carmel O. Aquino Alia Jenine S. Caceres San Pablo City National High School San Pablo City Mrs. Glory M. Serrano Research Adviser A Science Investigatory Project in fulfillment of Research project S.Y. 2010-2011 Abstract The pineapple is one of the leading products in the Philippines‚ as it thrives in tropical climates. However
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up the rocks in a number of ways. The process depends upon the rocks’ mineralogical composition‚ and the nature of chemical environment surrounding them. Some of the main processes of chemical weathering are: 1. solution‚ 2. hydration and hydrolysis‚ 3. oxidation and reduction‚ 4. carbonation‚ 5. base exchange‚ and 6. formation of colloids. 1. SOLUTION Some rocks contain one or more minerals that are soluble in water to some extent. Rock salt (NaCl)‚ gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O) and calcite
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enzyme specificity of action is related to the fact that the enzyme only catalyzes one of the possible transformations of a substrate. Invertase is beta-fructofuranosidase (EC3.2.1.26)‚ which implies that the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is the hydrolysis of the terminal nonreducing beta-fructofuranoside residues in beta-fructofuranosides. The objective of this experiment is to investigate specificity of
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data for economic and environmental analysis. Results show that the integrated first and second generation ethanol production process from sugarcane leads to better economic results when compared with the stand-alone plant‚ especially when advanced hydrolysis technologies and pentoses fermentation are included. 1. Introduction Increasing concerns about climate change and energy security have motivated the search for alternative forms of energy (Karuppiah et al.‚ 2008). Since the transportation sector
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reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group‚ acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group‚ ethyl acetate for ester group‚ acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism of hydrolysis‚ alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions. Positive results were obtained and the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative in each compound was confirmed. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction
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significant impact on the hydrolysis of starch. By breaking the alpha‚ 1-4 glycosidic linkages in the carbohydrates‚ amylase hydrolyzes the starch‚ a polysaccharides that is stored in plants and cannot be directly digested by animal cells‚ into maltose‚ a disaccharide that later generate two units of glucose to undergo metabolisms and provides necessary energy (Slaughter et al.‚ 2001). The enzymatic activity of α-amylase is facilitated by calcium and chloride ions during the hydrolysis (Marini‚ 2006 and
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accurately a definite number of aspirin tablets (two or three tablets weighing no more than 1.5 g) into a 250 cm3 conical flask. Initiate the hydrolysis of the aspirin by adding 25 cm3 of 1.0 M sodium hydroxide by pipette‚ diluting with approximately the same volume of distilled water. Warm the flask over a tripod and gauze for ten minutes to complete the hydrolysis. b. Cool the reaction mixture and transfer with washings to a 250 cm3 volumetric flask‚ dilute to the mark with distilled water and then
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proton or divalent metal ion. In the presence of metal ions‚ it coordinates to water molecules‚ causing it to become easily deprotonated. Hence‚ hydrolysis of RNA can be achieved by subjecting it to presence of protons and hydroxide ions‚ which is achieved due to the presence of His12 and His119 in RNase A. The reason why imidazole is suitable in the hydrolysis due to the well suited pHb of 7.0‚ allowing it to act as both an acid and a base at neutral condition. Therefore‚ RNase A mimic requires the
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with fermentative microbes and only top few mm will turns yellow when cultured with oxidative microbes. B) Starch hydrolysis Not every microbe can produce amylase to hydrolyze starch. This session is to test the ability of microbes for the activity of starch hydrolysis. The presence of blue color upon the adding of iodine indicates that starch is not hydrolyzed. C) Gelatin Hydrolysis Gelatin is the convenient substrate to test for proteolytic enzymes in microorganisms. This session will be testing
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test which showed the microorganism was Gram positive and rod shaped. Using an Unknown Identification Flowchart‚ I proceeded to inoculate a Starch plate. In week 2‚ I analyzed the Starch plate and was able to determine that the results for Starch Hydrolysis were negative due to the dark color. Next‚ I inoculated Simmons Citrate Agar slants. By week 3 I was able to analyze the Citrate Agar‚ which tested negative for citrate utilization. With each successive test‚ the list of possible identities was
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