Unit 1: Biochemistry Review Chemical Bonding Three types of bonds Ionic bond: 2 oppositely charged atoms (Na and Cl) Polar covalent: Unequally shared electrons (H and O) Non polar covalent: Equally shared electrons (C and C) or similar electronegativity Electronegativity and chemical bonding Electronegativity is a measure of the strength in which an atom can attract electrons. A difference of < 0. 5 is non polar covalent bond A difference of 0.5 – 1.7 is polar covalent bond A difference of > 1
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various elements and compounds in the unknown‚ its true identity can be predicted. Chloride‚ ammonia‚ and cobalt are three examples of percent compositions determined to help narrow the selection of possible unknowns. Titrations using Na2S2O3 and HCl to determine percent cobalt and ammonia‚ respectively‚ are used. Silver nitrate is used to precipitate the chloride ions in the unknown‚ which can be measured to determine the percent composition of chloride in the unknown. The results from these three
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Data Table 1: |Chemicals |Well # |Reaction on White Paper |Reaction on Dark Paper | |NaHCO3 + HCl |A6 |Remains clear. |Remains clear. | |HCl + Blue Dye |B6 |Orange color. |Cannot distinguish color change. | |NH3 + Blue Dye |C6
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remained on the white tile. It was opaque. Presence of reducing sugar ‚ absence of starch Solution B Benedicts test: Blue colour remained the same. Abundant amount of blue solutions remained the same and it was opaque. Iodine test: Yellowish-brown colour turned to blue-black. Moderate amount of blue-black precipitate was left on the white tile. It was opaque. Absence of reducing sugar ‚ presence of starch Table 2 : Tube Contents Temp (℃) Benedict’s Test – Colour Observation
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Brønsted–Lowry definition‚ which species can function both as an acid and as a base? (A) Cl– (B) SO42– (C) NH4+ (D) HCO3– (E) H3O+ 2. Which of the following species can function as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base in water? (A) HCl (B) HPO42- (C) NH2– (D) H3O+ (E) NaOH 3. In this reaction‚ CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COO–‚ which substances are bases according to the Brønsted–Lowry definition? (A) CH3COOH and H2O (B) CH3COOH and CH3COO- (C) H2O and CH3COO– (D) H3O+ and CH3COO–
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phosphate (Pi). Hydrolysis of this bond releases the chemical energy stored by ATP so that it can be used by the cell. The products of this hydrolysis can be used to create another molecule of ATP. ATP has several advantages over the other sources of energy in a cell‚ such as starch and glucose‚ for several reasons. It is necessary for a cell’s main source of energy to diffuse across the cell easily and quickly‚ and being far smaller than both glucose and starch‚ and soluble (unlike starch) ATP is far
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2010 p.90). The purpose of the lab was to test how temperature will affect the rate at which starch hydrolyzed. In the experiment conducted‚ bacterium; Bacillus Licheniformis and the fungus; Aspergillus Oryzae was used to examine how changes in temperature of the enzymes affects the rate of the reaction with starch. Amylase is an enzyme‚ found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid‚ that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars. This enzymatic reaction therefore needs the utilization of water
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white grape juice have been known to rot and corrode teeth. The second experiment we conducted was to test for chloride ions and starch. We did this by adding drops of silver nitrate and iodine to Sodium Chloride‚ starch and distilled water. Our hypothesis for this experiment was that the silver nitrate would react in some way with the sodium chloride and the starch‚ but not with the water. The third experiment we conducted was to test the buffer zone of a buffer solution. We used a 2 pH buffer
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Title Laboratory Techniques and Measurements Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine mass‚ length‚ temperature‚ volume‚ and density of objects and liquids using common measuring devices and algebraic formulas. The metric system‚ the most common set of measurements used in science‚ which includes meters‚ liters‚ Celsius‚ and grams will be used. Procedure The following items were used within the experiment: (1) Metric ruler with centimeter (cm) and millimeter (mm)‚ (1)
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|Max10% |Max12% | |2. |Total Ash on dry basis |5.85% |Max9% |Max9% | |3. |Ash insoluble in dilute HCL on dry basis |0.19% |Max1.5% |Max1.5% | |4. |Water insoluble ash on dry basis | | |
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