displacement reaction is characterized by one element being displaced from a compound by another element. A + BC ? AC + B An example of a substitution reaction occurs when zinc combines with hydrochloric acid. The zinc replaces the hydrogen: Zn + 2 HCl ? ZnCl2 + H2 Metathesis or Double Displacement Reaction In a double displacement or metathesis reaction two compounds exchange bonds or ions in order to form different compounds. AB + CD ? AD + CB An example of a double displacement reaction occurs
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Use of Enzymes in Food Industry - Food industry utilizes a variety of enzymes for processing of various foods‚ e.g.‚ production of various types of syrups from starch or sucrose (a- and β- amylases‚ glucamylase‚ pullulanase‚ invertase‚ and glucose isomerase)‚ meat/protein processing using proteases‚ removal of glucose and or molecular oxygen (O2) using glucose oxidase and catalase‚ use of lactase in dairy industry and use of enzymes in fruit juice and brewing industries. Glucose oxides are obtained
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The Molecules of Cells (Chapter 3 in your textbook) Without water and carbon-based molecules‚ no life as we know it! Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds Also‚ H‚ N‚ O‚ P‚ and S…… • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. Why? Principal source of carbon on Earth? • Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon. C21H36N7O16P3S Coenzyme
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Chapter 1: May/June 06 1 What is the resolution‚ in nanometres‚ of an electron microscope and of a light microscope? A electron microscope 0.5 light microscope 20 B 0.5 200 C 5.0 20 D 5.0 200 2 The diagram shows a drawing of an electron micrograph of a cell. Which structures are surrounded by double membranes? Golgi apparatus lysosome mitochondrion nucleus cytoplasm A ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ B ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ C ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ D ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ 3 In which animal cells would Golgi apparatus be most abundant
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helps to prevent cataracts‚heart diseases and regulate blood sugar levels. III. Purpose: 1-To practice redox titration. 2-To determine the amount of vitamin C present in vitamin C tablet. IV.Equippments‚tools‚chemical reagent: -starch solution 0.2% -potassium iodate KIO3 -potassium iodide KI -sulfuric acid H2SO4 0.6 M -sodium carbonate Na2 CO3 -vitamin C tablet -sodium thiosulfate Na2S203 -analytical balance
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of food Mechanical Mastication- first step. Enables mixing with saliva to form bolus to be swallowed. Regulated by CNS. Deglutition Mixing/Churning Peristalsis- movement of muscles within GI tract that facilitates movement of food Chemical- Hydrolysis (using H2O) of macromolecules into monomers (residues) carried out by digestive enzymes produced by salivary glands‚ stomach‚ pancreas‚ & small intestine. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Monosaccharides Proteins Polypeptides & Amino Acids
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experiment‚ the amount of sodium hypochlorite in a commercial bleach will be determined by reacting it with sodium thiosulfate in the presence of iodide ions and starch. A solution of sodium thiosulfate of known concentration will be added to the bleach using a buret in a titration procedure. The disappearance of the dark blue color of the starch-iodine complex will signal the end point. II. Procedures Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is meant by a “titration”? Titration is a technique where a solution
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1 INTRODUCTION In recent years‚ there has been rapid growth in the number of Fast Dissolving / Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) product on the market. Fast Dissolving Tablets are solid tablets and designed to dissolve/disintegrate in the patient’s mouth within a few second or minutes‚ without the need to drink or chew. However‚ the fear of taking solid tablets and the risk of choking for certain patient populations still exist despite their short disintegration/dissolution times. However‚ some
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column (1.6 × 12.4cm‚ bed volume 25ml) equilibrated with 50mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer. The column was washed with 50mM Tris-HCl‚ pH 8.0 (200ml) and 2ml fractions (fraction no.1 to 30 was collected. Solution of 0.25M NaCl in 50mM Tris-HCl‚ pH 8 (30ml) (fraction no. 31 to 60) was then passed through the column followed by gradient of 0.25-0.4M in 50mM Tris-HCl‚ pH 8 (60ml) (fraction no. 61 to 91) and 25ml wash of 0.4M NaCl in 50mM Tris-HCl‚ pH 8.0 (fraction no.92 to 123) and 2ml fractions per tube were
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subunits (monomers). The bonds between these subunits are formed by dehydration synthesis. This process requires energy; a molecule of water is removed (dehydration) and a covalent bond is formed between the subunits . Breaking this bond is called hydrolysis; it requires the addition of a water molecule and releases energy. Each class of these macromolecules has different structures and properties. For example‚ lipids (composed of fatty acids) have many C-H bonds and relatively little oxygen‚ while
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