Biology Revision summer 2012 1-Characteristics of living organisms Nutrition- taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions ‚ containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair ‚ absorbing and assimilating them . Excretion- the removal from organisms of toxic material‚ the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirement . Respiration- the chemical reactions that break down the Sensitivity- The ability to detect or sense changes in the
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polymer backbones confer biodegradability. Biodegradability can‚ therefore‚ be engineered into polymers by the judicious addition of chemical linkages such as anhydride‚ ester‚ or amide bonds‚ among others. The usual mechanism for degradation is by hydrolysis or enzymatic cleavage of the labile heteroatom bonds‚ resulting in a scission of the polymer backbone. Macroorganisms can eat and‚ sometimes‚ digest polymers‚ and also initiate a mechanical‚ chemical‚ or enzymatic aging. Biodegradable polymers
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hydroxyl group differs from glucose Disaccharides- pairs of monosacchs; simple carbs Maltose Glucose + Glucose Produced when starch breaks down (component of alcohol fermentation) Sucrose Glucose + Fructose Sweetest Lactose Glucose + Galactose Carb in milk (milk sugar); contributes half of energy in milk Lactose Intolerance- body lacks enough lactase Hydrolysis Chemical reaction- breaks a disacch into 2 monosacchs Water molecule splits to provide H and OH Commonly occurs in digestion
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enzyme specificity of action is related to the fact that the enzyme only catalyzes one of the possible transformations of a substrate. Invertase is beta-fructofuranosidase (EC3.2.1.26)‚ which implies that the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is the hydrolysis of the terminal nonreducing beta-fructofuranoside residues in beta-fructofuranosides. The objective of this experiment is to investigate specificity of
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and enzyme concentration have on the rate catalase works to break down hydrogen peroxide. If the pH‚ temperature‚ or enzyme concentration changes‚ then the reaction rate of catalase will either speed up or slow down. III. Materials and Procedures Materials needed include 1 molar HCl solution‚ 1 molar NaOH solution‚ 6 test tubes‚ measuring pipette‚ 10ml graduated cylinder‚ 40 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide solution‚ straightedged razor blade‚ scissors‚ forceps‚ stirring rod‚ fresh liver‚ fresh apple‚ fresh potato‚ test tube holders
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Monosaccharide also called SIMPLE SUGAR‚ any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is‚ they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (-OH)‚ and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose). The carbonyl group combines in aqueous solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-ketal). Monosaccharides are
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EXPERIMENT: Biological Molecules Here are your goals for this lesson: • To conduct tests for glucose‚ starch‚ lipids and proteins • Use these test results to identify the biological molecules found in food Student Name: Brittany Gerdes Date Experiment done:12-20-12 Date Report Completed: 12-20-12 Name of Grader: Hypothesis: A prediction of what you think the results of the project will be. Write your hypothesis before you begin the experiment and‚ if the experiment has
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Source: file:///C:/Users/MAYEE/Documents/THESIS%201/SEAWEEDS/HOW%20TO%20%20make%20algae%20bioplastic.htm Our recent news article about algae as a source for bioplastic has received a lot of attention. But there is something very important that it didn’t tell you: You can make your own bioplastic from algae. And we will give you step-by-step instructions on how to do it. It’s a fun little science project. You can do it in your kitchen‚ with stuff you buy at the grocery store. And you can see
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Translocation of Organic Solutes Plants synthesize food materials by photosynthesis and store the same in the form of starch grains in the chloroplasts found in mesophyll cells. Then the found material is converted into simple sugars; then it is transported to regions where it is required – stem apex‚ young flower buds fruits and storage organs are the sites to which the organic food is translocated. The site of synthesis and the site of need are separated by time and space. The structures
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them is the amylase enzyme. Amylases are found in saliva‚ and pancreatic secretions of the small intestine. The function of amylase is to break down big molecules of starch into small molecules like glucose; this process is called hydrolysis. Enzymes are very specific; for example‚ amylase is the only enzyme that will break down starch. It is similar to the theory of the lock and the key. The enzyme is the lock and the key is the substrate; only the correct key could fit into the keyhole of the lock
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