are the fundamentals of histology and techniques in histochemistry. This experiment involved exercising free-hand sectioning techniques‚ learning maceration procedures and application of staining techniques. Sudan dye for Lipids and IKI test for starch were applied on section stem‚ root and leaf parts of Tridax procumbens. Stem cross-section of T. procumbens showed distinct ground tissues and fourteen to sixteen vascular bundles organized into a ring. The root sections show a central stele surrounded
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smaller subunits. These subunits are linked by dehydration synthesis. Dehydration synthesis is an energy requiring process in which a molecule of water is removing and the two subunits are boded covalently. This energy releasing process is called hydrolysis. The subunits of macromolecules are held together by covalent bonds and have different structure and properties. For example‚ lipids made of fatty acids have many C-H bonds and relatively little oxygen; while proteins are made of amino acids have
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SBI4U – CHAPTER ONE TEST – PART A – Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is the essential characteristic of a polar molecule? a) contains double or triple bonds b) is formed at extremely low temperatures c) contains ions as part of the structure d) has an asymmetrical distribution of electrical charge e) contains the element oxygen 2. Isomers are molecules that a) react readily with one another b) have the same molecular formula c) have different molecular masses d) differ
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of Benedict’s solution were added to each of the test tubes‚ using a dropper. The test tubes were placed in a hot water bath with a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius for five minutes. Colour change within the test tubes were observed and recorded. Starch test 10 test tubes were used and labelled. 9 of the test tubes were filled with 5ml of food sample.3 drops of Lugol’s iodine solution were added to each of the test tubes. The test tubes were mixed thoroughly. Test tube 1 was placed under a flame
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The Biological Importance of Water In Living Organisms Water is the most important molecule in cells‚ the whole organisms and on earth‚ this is due to it’s unique physical and chemical properties. ” A water molecule‚ because of its shape‚ is a polar molecule. That is‚ it has one side that is positively charged and one side that is negatively charged”(1). A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom and the bonds between these atoms are single covalent bonds. Fig 1. The
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pretreatment of the algae Ulva reticulata will increase the percentage of ethanol produced. Two batches of sample will be prepared. The first will serve as a control. The second will be subjected to maceration. The two batches will undergo dilute acid hydrolysis. The sugar released will then be fermented to produce ethanol. The ethanol yield of the two batches will then be compared. The result of the comparison will justify the effect of mechanical pretreatment on the bioethanol yield from Ulva reticulata
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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an enzyme. b) i. What is the chemical name for the alcohol produced.1KU ii. What is an enzyme?1KU iii. Give another example of an enzyme and its use.1PS 3. In the manufacture of malt vinegar‚ starch reacts with water to produceglucose. Glucose is converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol using an enzyme. Ethanol is oxidised‚ by bacteria‚ producing malt vinegar. (a) Use the above information to complete the flow chart. 2PS
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millions of times. The shape of an enzyme creates a phenomenon in which only select particles can enter the active site. For example‚ the enzyme amylase is only able to break down starch polymers. Changing the shape of an enzyme renders it useless. In this experiment‚ every group but the Popbeads group conducted a hydrolysis reaction. The Popbeads represented a condensation reaction. This is because every group but the Popbeads simulated a polymer (toothpick) being broken down. The Popbeads polymers
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methyl ketone – positive * Ethyl acetate * Special test for Benzaldehyde * Formation of crystals * Molisch Test – General test for Carbohydrates * Violet ring (2nd layer) * Glucose – positive * Starch - positive * Benzaldehyde * Bial’s Orcinol Test – Test for Carbohydrates * 5 carbon – blue to green * Ribose – green * 6 carbon – brown * Glucose – brown * Phenylhydrazine Test – Test for
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