ENVIRONMENTAL SGIENGE Effective Examinations for from May/June 2011 The Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examnation i GAPE@ Gontents RATIONALE .................. AIMS SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED PRE-REQUTSTTES THE SYLLABUS................ OF STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS UNIT 1: ECOLOGY. HUMAN POPULATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES ‚‚..............2 ........4 MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTAL ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES.... .......s MODULE 2: HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT..................
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INFLUENCE OF POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION BY: KABERA HENRY MACHARIA EM12/2880/11 AN ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED TO: DR S.M. MAKINDI ENSCI. 701- ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT EGERTON UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2011 Table of contents. Table of contents. ii Table of figures. iii List of abbreviations. iv QUESTION ONE. 1 Introduction 1 Industrialization. 2 1.1 The Effect of Industrial Pollution 2 1.1.1 Global Warming 2 1.1.2 Air Pollution. 4 1.1.3 Water Pollution[pic]
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Biology 1020 Review Questions for Final Exam 1. who proposed the theory of natural selection ← Darwin and Wallace 2. what are the four characteristic features of natural selection ← Overpopulation ← Inherited variations within the species ← competition ← Survival of the fittest 3. how is fitness measured ← by survival and by the numbers who survive 4. what are some examples of selection in action ← Peppered
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crisis that affects life right across the planet from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains -Biosphere: all life on Earth is a part of the biosphere‚ a thin layer of life that exists on the surface of the planet and that interacts with the hydrosphere (oceans‚ lakes‚ and rivers)‚ the atmosphere‚ and the lithosphere (the Earth’s crust) evolved through time -As the components of the biosphere (individual species) evolve or go into extinction over time‚ the biosphere evolves and changes B
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The oxygen-hydrogen bonds in water are very polar. Because of the arrangement of the two bonds and two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen‚ the molecule is bent. (The four sets of electrons are arranged in a tetrahedral arrangement. The angles between these sets of electrons are about 108 degrees) This bent shape makes water polar. Since it is polar (actually very polar) there are considerable intermolecular forces attracting the molecules of water together. The result of these forces is that
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ISDR Briefing Note 01 Geneva‚ September 2008 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Weather‚ climate and climate change Defining climate change For most people‚ the expression “climate change” means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing‚ through fossil fuel burning‚ clearing forests and other practices that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG)1 in the atmosphere. This is in line with the official definition by the United Nations Framework Convention
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smaller amount of the Earth’s freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.[2] Water cycle The water cycle (known scientifically as the hydrologic cycle) refers to the continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere‚ between the atmosphere‚ soil water‚ surface water‚ groundwater‚ and plants. Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the water cycle consisting of following transfer processes: evaporation from oceans and other water bodies
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Ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants‚ animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air‚ water and mineral soil)‚ interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms‚ and between organisms and their environment‚ they can come in any size but usually encompass specific‚ limited spaces (although
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Role of nitrate in nitrogen nutrition of the mangrove Avicennia marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 21: 259-265. Capone‚ D.G. 1996. A biologically constrained estimate of oceanic N2O flux. In : D.D. Adams et al. (Eds.) Cycling of reduced gases in the hydrosphere. Mitt. Internat. Verein Limnol. 25: 105-114. Carrera‚ C. J. and A. E. Lugo. 1978. Los sistemas de manglares de Puerto Rico. Department of Natural Resources Publication. San Juan‚ Puerto Rico‚ 270 pp. Crutzen‚ P. J. 1976. Upper limits on atmospheric
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The study of universe is known as Cosmology. Total universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists including all physical matter and energy‚ the planets‚ stars‚ galaxies and the contents of intergalactic space. Galaxy: A galaxy is a vest system of billions of stars‚ dust and light gases bound by their own gravity. There are 100 billion galaxies in the universe and each galaxy has‚ an average‚ 100 billions stars. (1022 stars) Our galaxy is Milky Way Galaxy (or the Akash Ganga)
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