formation of brown pigments known as catechol-melanins. Catechol‚ also called 1‚2-dihydroxybenzene is a phenolic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. The catechol molecule consists of two hydroxyl groups bonded to a central benzene ring‚ hence the molecule is a diphenol (monophenols contain one hydroxyl group). Figure. below shows the
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Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria‚ including 22 main European and tropical morphospecies such as Microcystis aeruginosa‚ flos-aquae‚ and wesenbergii (Komárek and Komárková‚ 2002). Microcystis is a unicellular colony-forming genus. Because Microcystis cells contain gas vesicles‚ they are buoyant‚ which allows for the formation of surface scums. These high density surface scums are associated with a plethora of negative environmental consequences‚ including production of the hepatotoxin
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V. HAZADOUS WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS Presently‚ the hazardous waste treatment technologies are highly developed from the decade before due to the more environmental and ecosystem concerning. Moreover‚ hazardous waste not threaten only environment but also to human hygiene and health. However‚ one of the most dangerous hazardous waste is dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Addition‚ DDT is used as a majority pesticide during agriculture revolution period‚ and also uses to regulate Malaria in developing
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Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been tested primarily with titanium dioxide (TiO2) either alone or in combination with other materials. In this work‚ Mg/Al hydrotalcites prepared by two methods using inorganic (HC) or organic (HS) chemical reagents‚ along with mixed oxides produced by calcination of these products (HCC and HSC) were mixed with titanium isopropoxide to obtain hydroxide-TiO2 compounds (HCC-TiO2 and HSC-TiO2) to test their photocatalytic activity compared with
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Ministry of Education and Training Nong Lam University Faculty of Food Science and Technology FOOD SCIENCE SEMINAR Subject: Effects of Catechin in Meat and Meat Product: Chelating Activity and Free Radical Scaveging Instructor: Student’s name – ID: Vũ Thị Lâm An Đoàn Thị Ngọc Bích – 019125014
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sunlight which in turn‚ undergone photochemical reaction. In this reaction‚ molecules of benzophenone was brought to n((* triplet state where it possibly abstracted hydrogen from isopropyl alcohol and through subsequent reactions of radicals it formed two diphenyl ketyl radical which dimerized into benzopinacol. Subsequently‚ mixture of synthesized benzopinacol‚ glacial acetic acid and iodine crystal reacted in an acid-catalyzed rearrangement wherein dehydration of benzopinacol resulted into the formation
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Another type of injury to the gallbladder is caused by lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a process that is naturally occurring in the body in minuscule amounts‚ mainly by many oxygen species effects‚ such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. These species readily assault the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane‚ which induces a self-propagating chain reaction. The destruction of the membrane lipids are hazardous for the sustainability of cells (Mylonas‚ 1999). This was seen
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functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses the general formula CnH2n+1 Table of Common Functional Groups ALCOHOLS Organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups . General formula for a class of organic compounds: Consists of the functional group and the letter R which stands for the rest of the molecule General formula for alcohols : R–OH Hydroxyl group‚ –OH‚ Makes alcohols able to
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They act either by reducing the energy of the free radicals or by giving up some of their electrons to them‚ thereby causing to become stable. In addition‚ they may also interrupt the oxidizing chain reaction to minimize the damage induced by free radicals. Therefore‚ increase of mitochondrial function in the treated groups in our study (figure 3‚ 4) can be due to the present of high content of the antioxidant
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Introduction : Solanum nigrum Linn. commonly known as Black Nightshade is a dicot weed in the Solanaceae family. Other names of S. nigrum are European Black Nightshade or just black nightshade‚ Duscle‚ Garden Nightshade‚ Hound’s Berry‚ Petty Morel‚ Wonder Berry‚ Small-fruited black nightshade. It is a species of the Solanum genus‚ native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas‚ Australia‚ Asia and South Africa. The plant is cultivated as a food crop‚ both for its fruit and its leaves in some
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