present in all amino acids? a) a methyl group b) a carboxyl group c) an aldehyde group d) a hydroxyl group e) a carbonyl group 7. The following structural formula is representative of which functional group? a) sulfhydryl b) carboxyl c) hydroxyl d) amino e) carbonyl 8. The following structural formula is representative of which functional group? a) Sulfhydryl b) carbonyl c) hydroxyl d) amino e) carboxyl 9. In terms of maintaining the shape of an enzyme‚ the strongest bonds
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acid characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH‚ where R is some monovalent functional group. A carboxyl group (or carboxy) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl (RR’C=O) and a hydroxyl (R-O-H)‚ which has the formula -C(=O)OH‚ usually written as -COOH or -CO2H. Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Among the simplest examples are formic acid H-COOH
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Disaccharides include Sucrose‚ Maltose‚ and Lactose etc. * Polysaccharides include Starch‚ Glycogen‚ Cellulose and Chitin. * Aldehydes (–CHO) and ketones (= CO) are active groups or functional groups in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates contain many hydroxyl groups as well * Monosaccharidecontain the free aldehyde or
Free Glucose Carbohydrate Disaccharide
reactive hydroxyl groups. There are as many as 10‚000 glucose monomers per molecule. The molecular chains are arranged in long spiral linear chains within the fiber. The strength of a fiber is directly related to chain length. Hydrogen bonding occurs between cellulose chains in a cotton fiber. Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydroxyl groups within the chain are polar‚ meaning the electrons surrounding the atoms are not evenly distributed. As a consequence‚ hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl group are
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8. Terfenedine is an amino diol that is the active ingredient in the antihistamine Seldane. Mass spectral analysis of terfenedine shows a molecular ion at m/z = 471 and a peak at m/z = 472 which is 35.5% the height of the molecular ion. Terfenedine is known to contain C‚ H‚ O and N. (a) Suggest five molecular formulas for terfenedine. (b) Terfenedine has an even number of carbons and contains nine double bonds and four rings. Based on this additional information‚ what is the formula for terfenedine
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pH is manipulated of the solution. PNP is also an acid/ base indicator. The compounded starts off as internal conjugated ring with the hydroxyl group and the nitro group single bonded to the aromatic ring. This occurs at the pH of 5. At this point the aromatic compound is colorless and is in the ultraviolet range. However‚ as the pH begins to increase the hydroxyl group deprotonates‚ leaving the oxygen with a negative 1 charge. The molecule compensates for the negative charge by conforming to a more
Free PH Acid dissociation constant Protein
hydrogen peroxide in growth media can happen because lactobacilli do not have catalase enzyme responsible for degradation of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide and other toxic oxygenic metabolites such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical can react with other components eventually lead to microbial cell death [Shah‚ 2000]. According to Ng et al.[2011]‚ yogurt prepared with L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus alone generated seven- to nine-fold higher quantities of H2O2 than those prepared
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Ethanolamine and mono ethanolamine is the name given to the chemical compound 2-aminaethanol which is usually abbreviated as ETA or MEA. In Chemistry they are said to have both a primary amine due to an amino group and a primary alcohol due to the hydroxyl group in its molecule. Similar to other amines‚ mono ethanolamine acts as a weak base. It has hazardous properties such as being toxic‚ flammable‚ and corrosive. It is a colorless‚ viscous liquid with an odor similar to that of ammonia. Ethanolamine
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= 2.81 3. How are the retention times for caffeine and benzoic acid related to their chemical structure and the nature of the chromatographic system? The retention time of caffeine and benzoic are related due to the presence of a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group impart polarity and induce dipole-dipole forces between the benzoic acid and the column. Thus‚ benzoic acid‚ being polar‚ are retarded by the column and will come out of the column with a longer retention time. 4. What is the
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Macrobrachium rosernbergii‚ also known as the giant river prawn is much known as a species in the Southern and Southeastern Asia‚ Western Pacific Island and Northern Oceania. This species lives inland of the freshwater areas during adult stage while the larvae needs brackish water and usually found in estuaries (Galitzine and Morgan‚ 2009). This species of prawn is a tropical living animal which needs warmer temperatures more than 18°C for growth
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