Grignard reagents and are useful in making carbon-carbon bonds and reducing carbonyls. Grignard reagents are any of the numerous organic derivatives of magnesium (Mg)‚ commonly represented by the general formula RMgX (in which R is a hydrocarbon radical: CH3‚ C2H5‚ C6H5‚ etc.; and X is a halogen atom‚ usually chlorine‚ bromine‚ or iodine). They are called Grignard reagents after their discoverer‚ French chemist Victor Grignard‚ who was a corecipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this
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state‚ glucose has a linear structure‚ but when dissolved in water‚ the molecules fold on itself to form one of the two possible ring structures: α-glucose (alpha) β-glucose(beta) two isomers of glucose differ only in the orientation of a single hydroxyl (-OH) group small structural differences lead to large differences in chemical properties starch found in mushrooms (amylopectin) is a polymer of α-glucose – can easily be digested STARCH = DIGESTIBLE Cellulose found in celery is a polymer
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Compare and contrast acids and bases in terms of their H+ ion and OH-ion concentrations. When an acid is dissolved in water‚ there are more hydrogen ions(H+) present than hydroxyl ions(OH-) due to the fact that acids donate hydrogen ions. An alkaline or basic solution accepts hydrogen ions. As a result‚ it has more hydroxyl ions in solution. Using the pH scale‚ pure water is neutral with a pH of 7. Acids range from 1-6‚ with the strongest acid having a pH of 1. Alkaline substances range from 8-14
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Experiment N | Kinetics of the Depolymerization of Diacetone Alcohol via Basic Catalysis | | Ingrid Tafur -5672578 | 2/11/2011 | CHM233O Partner: Laura Marrongelli Demonstrator: Cheryl McDowall Objective The rate constant of the depolymerization of diacetone alcohol via basic catalysis was determined by monitoring the change in volume as a function of time at constant temperature of a pseudo first order reaction where the species in excess was sodium hydroxide. This was accomplished
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Tema 16. Coronary Circulation Comisión Papanicolaou Unit 16. Coronary Circulation 1. Morfofunctional
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biologically important. Answer: Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis uses water (and various enzymes) to break down molecules into smaller‚ simpler molecules. This occurs by breaking a bond on the reactant and adding a hydrogen atom to one part‚ and a hydroxyl (-OH) to the other. The result is 2 simpler molecules. Macromolecule + Water molecule + molecule This process aids us in controlling blood sugar‚ by the hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose. Glycogen + Water + (Enzymes) Glucose + Glucose
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The Uses of water in Living Things Topics I have chosen to cover: - Osmosis & Water potential - Condensation & Hydrolysis Reactions - Digestion – the importance of water - Blood and tissue fluid To emphasise the sheer importance of water in living things and to put the content of this essay in to perspective‚ I am firstly going to inform you that the human body is approximately 50-75% water. Without water our body would be unable to successfully perform the numerous complex reactions and
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Polyphenols (also sometimes termed ‘phenolics’)‚ are benzene rings which is a class of chemical compounds that consists of a hydroxyl (-OH) group‚ which is directly bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Phenolic compounds are widely produced industrially however; they are also produced by plants (mainly for protection against stress) and microorganisms where variations occur between different species. Polyphenols play vital roles in the growth of plants‚ especially in lignin and pigment biosynthesis
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The Sanger Method was developed by Frederic Sanger. It was the first method developed to sequence the genome and the genetic code and is still the most commonly used method of DNA sequencing. In 1980 Sanger was awarded a nobel prize in chemistry for his work concerning DNA sequencing along with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert who also contribuated in this major breakthrough. Since then the Dideoxy chain termination method has been highly developed and optimised. To sequence DNA in term of the Sanger
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Peptidoglycan‚ also known as murein‚ is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria (but not Archaea)‚ forming the cell wall. The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1‚4) linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the 3D mesh-like
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