Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ Association 1989 Evidence had indicated that alcohol and drug abuse by railroad employees had caused or contributed to a number of significant train accidents. Due to these dangers of drug and alcohol abuse by railroad employees‚ the Federal Railroad Administration established regulations requiring mandatory urine and blood tests of employees. These tests were administered to ensure the safety of the workers‚ especially those who were involved in train accidents
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Homer Adolph Plessy v. Ferguson In 1890‚ the State of Louisiana passed Act 111 that required separate accommodations for African Americans and Whites on railroads‚ including separate railway cars‚ though it specified that the accommodations must be kept "equal". On any other day in 1892‚ Plessy with his pale skin color could have ridden in the car restricted to white passengers without notice. He was classified "7/8 white" or octoroon according to the language of the time. Although it is often
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BUAD 3070-901 October 28‚ 2012 I. Eisenstaedt v. Baird II. CITATION: 405 U.S. 438 (1972) III. FACTS: On April 6th‚ 1967 at Boston University in William Baird violated Massachusetts law at the time when he handed a condom and a package of Emko vaginal foam to an unmarried 19 year old young woman. At the time of the incident‚ under Massachusetts state law “Crimes against Chastity” makes it a felony for anyone to give away a drug‚ medicine‚ instrument‚ or article for the prevention
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The Significance of the Right to Effective Counsel in a Criminal Case and Powell v. Alabama The right to counsel is a fundamental common law principle that aims to set a fair criminal trial. The right to have the assistance of counsel for defence is the right of a criminal defendant to have a lawyer assist in his defence‚ even if he cannot afford one. This right comes from a variety of sources‚ the first one being the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution‚ which is the part of the United
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Who was Eugene V. Debs? What objectives and political philosophies did he advocate? What did he accomplish in 1912? Eugene V. Debs‚ in his early life‚ was a locomotive fireman. He joined the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen (BLF) and became an active delegate‚ who was elected associate editor of the “Firemen’s Magazine” a monthly issue of the BLF. Debs eventually became Grand Secretary and Treasurer of the BLF and editor of the magazine in 1880. During this time‚ Debs became a well-
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Introduction There have been many Supreme Court cases that dealed with many concepts of the law‚ like obscenity for example. As a matter of fact‚ obscenity is a concept that Miller v. California deals with. To be more specific‚ this case deals with what is considered obscene‚ and if the specific obscenity mentioned in this case is protected by the first amendment‚ the freedom of speech. I will now explain this case in more depth. What brought this case about? In 1973‚ Marvin Miller
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where blacks and whites could not attend the same school‚ or even use the same facilities. The court decision that made separate facilities legal‚ was Plessy v Ferguson. It allowed for separate areas for blacks and whites‚ which forced blacks to create their facilities‚ like Historically Black Colleges and University. Later‚ in 1954‚ Plessy v Ferguson would be overturned‚ which allows all races to coexist in the same facilities today. I plan to explain
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S. NAIPAUL’S MIGUEL STREET What is the role of the creative artist in countries such as ours? Novelist V.S Naipaul raises this question in the story of B. Wordsworth‚ one of the stories in Miguel Street‚ a 1959 book of Trini characters. "Trinidadians are more recognizably ’characters’ than people in England"‚ said Naipaul in an August ‚1958 piece in the Times Literary Supplement. The "characters" in Miguel Street’s portrait gallery include "Man Man" and "Bolo"‚ both of whom are
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Michael Brown age 18 was shot six times by officer Darren Wilson. This led to many riots‚ most were not so peaceful. Why was Michael Brown shot six times‚ unarmed. Ferguson riots could have been avoided if the people took a minute to think about the situation unlike officer Wilson. I believe this problem could have been resolved in a more proper manner‚ as well as the riots following. Ferguson was a quiet town until saturday‚ August 9‚ 2014‚ when Michael was said to have reached for officer Darren
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Ruth Bader Ginsburg‚ born Joan Ruth Bader‚ was born in New York‚ New York on March 15‚ 1933. She was the daughter of Russian immigrants Nathan and Celia Bader. Her father owned a small clothing shop while her mother cared for Ginsburg and her older sister‚ who died of meningitis at age 6. Her mother took a vested interest in Ginsburg’s education. While Ruth was in school‚ her mother noticed many of the girls in her class were also named Joan‚ so she suggested that her daughter be called Ruth instead
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