photosynthetic organisms. If the world never had these organisms the world would be a desolate place. There would be no oxygen‚ atmosphere‚ or food. We inhale air unconsciously every day. By taking in air‚ we absorb oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide in the process of generating energy. It is a physiological phenomenon‚ called respiration. Most organisms on earth breathe. Then‚ how is oxygen generated and where does carbon dioxide go? The answer to this is plants. When we breath out carbon dioxide the
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and terrestrial environment. The Order Anura shows the extreme anatomical and physiological diversity. Many frogs use lungs to respire‚ bringing in air through their nares‚ mouth‚ into the trachea and then to the lungs for gas exchange and uptake of oxygen. The skin of many frogs is thin and extremely vascular to allow for gas exchange and thus can live in moist environments and secrete mucous from their skin to avoid desiccation. Cutaneous respiration
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the body deals with an increased workload‚ and any health issues that may affect this. Cardiovascular system This system is responsible for pumping blood and oxygen around the body. It is a network made up of blood vessels that transport carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs. The heart is an organ so needs a constant supply of oxygen. This is supplied by a separate network of blood vessels called the coronary system‚ made up of coronary veins and arteries. The heart is the size of a clenched
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RESPIRATION Syllabus * Define respiration * State the uses of energy in the body of humans * Define aerobic respiration * State the equation for aerobic respiration using symbols * Define anaerobic respiration * State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during hard exercise * State the balanced equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles (C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3) and the microorganism yeast (C6H12O6 →2C2H5OH + 2CO2)‚ using symbols * Describe the effect
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breath‚ our body combines the oxygen with fuel to produce energy‚ the source of fuel are food nutrients such as; protein‚ fat‚ carbohydrates‚ i.e. starch and sugar. The body’s most preferrred fuel for exercises‚ e .g. marathon running are; glucose and fat. This process breaks down glucose into lactic acid C3 O6 H3 and energy as follows: C5 H12 O6 2C3 H6 O3 + energy Anaerobic respiration is a stage of cellular respiration that happens in the absence of oxygen. The first step is the breakdown
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Hypotheses Water quality parameters such as pH‚ dissolved oxygen‚ seston‚ water temperature etc. are important variables in the abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates of the Old Chelsea stream. Therefore‚ it can be hypothesized that pH and dissolved oxygen have a direct correlation on biotic factors within the stream. Furthermore‚ due to the surface water velocity variations of the stream‚ it is hypothesized that water pH and dissolved oxygen interreach variability is statistically significant
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INTRODUCTION/LITERATURE REVIEW THE ERYTHROCYTES A cell that contains haemoglobin and can carry oxygen to the body. Also called a red blood cell (RBC). The reddish colour is due to haemoglobin. Erythrocytes are biconcave in shape which increases the cells surface area and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This shape is maintained by a cytoskeleton composed of several proteins. Erythrocytes are very flexible and changes shapes
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‘heme’. The ‘heme’ group contains one atom of iron (Fe²+) and it is this iron that the oxygen molecule combines itself to. As there are four of the iron molecules in the haemoglobin this shows that a maximum of four oxygen molecules can be carried by the haemoglobin at anytime. For simplicity the equation of the reaction of haemoglobin and oxygen is written as a single polypeptide ‘heme’ chain reacting with oxygen: O2 + Hb ↔ HbO2 . The reactions of the four subunits occur in a consecutive manner‚ with
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Dissolved oxygen enters water through the air and plant. Dissolved oxygen produce by the atmosphere and the process is called air saturation. The gasses a stable body of water with no stratification‚ dissolved oxygen will remain at 100% air saturation. 100% air saturation means that the water is holding as many dissolved gas molecules as it can in equilibrium. At equilibrium‚ the percentage of each gas in the water would be equivalent to the percentage of that gas in the atmosphere like its partial
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Green plants absorb light energy using chlorophyll in their leaves. They use it to react carbon dioxide with water to make a sugar called glucose. The glucose is used in respiration‚ or converted into starch and stored. Oxygen is produced as a by-product. This process is called photosynthesis. Temperature‚ carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity are factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis. Plants also need mineral ions‚ including nitrate and magnesium‚ for healthy growth. They
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