Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy accounting for 90% of all endocrine cancers. It constitutes less than 1% of all malignant tumors.(1) Annual incidence of thyroid cancer varies from 0.5 to 10 per 100000 population throughout the world.(1) Age and gender adjusted incidence of thyroid cancer has increased than any other malignancy. According to Surveillance‚ Epidemiology and End Result Programme (SEER) 60‚220 new cases are found in USA in 2013‚ the number of cases
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The thyroid is a type of gland in the body; it serves a specific purpose and is part of the endocrine system. The thyroid is located in the front portion of the neck‚ directly below the Adam’s apple‚ which is actually made up of thyroid cartilage. It consists of two sections‚ called lobes; these lobes are about the size of half of a large plum. The lobes are located on the left and right side of the trachea‚ connected by a small piece of tissue‚ known as the isthmus‚ which runs across the trachea
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This protocol and dosage of MMI administration is typically used for the production of congenitally hypothyroid rats
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to the accumulation of cholesterol. According to Pucci et al.‚ TH stimulates increase mobilization of triglycerides to be stored in adipose tissue and stimulates the elimination of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (Pucci et al.‚ 2000). Within a hypothyroid patient‚ low levels of TH causes triglycerides to accumulate in the blood and causes LDL to be absorbed by the liver‚ reducing its excretion‚ putting the patient at risk of developing hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia (Pucci et al.‚ 2000)
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Addison’s Disease‚ Adrenal gland dysfunction is typically related to a maladaption to stress‚ as first reported by Hans Selye in the general adaptation theory (GAS). [pic] The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) In order to develop a general theory for the physiological response of humans and animals to stress‚ Hans Selye‚ former director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the University of Montreal‚ performed an integrated analysis of the effects of stress on adrenal gland function. He
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Abstract Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is very dangerous for both mother and unborn child. There are several complications that the fetus can develop if left untreated. Many times hypothyroidism goes undiagnosed due to its symptoms similarity to pregnancy. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in pregnancy for fetus brain and developmental growth as well as the mother’s health. With the right medical management hypothyroidism during pregnancy can prevent fetal birth defects by mandated
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had her thyroid removed due to a tumor. Due to her Bell’s palsy‚ she takes Gabapentin twice a day. In comparing Mrs. F’s list of medications against the Beer’s List‚ I did not find any inappropriate medications. I would suggest that the hypothyroid medication be monitored with blood levels taken intermittently. She told me that she thinks that in her regular doctor visit’s this level is drawn and then evaluated. One of the major side effects of taking levothyroxine is diarrhea. I am not
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Obesity and weight loss are like the faces of the same coin. Obesity is a serious epidemic; at the same time losing weight in a healthy way is a serious confusion that people are going through in the USA. It is a huge problem and struggle I myself am going through; one of the reasons I picked this research topic. Other reason for picking this topic is the Physiology and Anatomy class I took. This class gave me a lot of information on the problems of obesity and weight loss; it acted as a catalyst
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Hallucinations vs. dillusions Hallucinations-false perceptions having no relation to reality and not accounted for by any exterior stimuli. Delusion- Acute‚ reversible state of disorientation and confusion without drowsiness. DT’s- hallucinations‚ tremors‚ seizures‚ elevated BP & Pulse Tardive Dyskineasia- from neuroleptic meds‚ antipsychotic drugs (Haloperidol‚ fluphenazine‚ trifluoperazine)-facial grimacing‚ tongue thrusting‚ jaw swinging‚ repetitive chewing. Psychotropic drugs- antidepressants
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The thyroid gland is an integral part of the endocrine system in the human body. The thyroid gland secretes the thyroid hormone‚ which plays an important role in the growth of the body. The thyroid is butterfly shaped‚ and located at the bottom of the neck. Two important hormones produced by the thyroid gland are thyroxine and triidothyronine. Both of these hormones help the body grow after birth‚ and they also aid tissues increase their oxygen use within these tissues. The thyroid gland secretes
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