Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid-Base Balance: Introduction to Body Fluids 1. a. Where are fluids absorbed? ____________________ b. Where are excess fluids and electrolytes lost?____________________ 2. Name four of the six functions of water. a. b. c. d. 3. a. The amount of water in the body depends on the amount of ________________. b. From the CD‚ list the person with the highest and lowest percentage of water and give the percentage. 1. Highest ___________________ _______% 2. Lowest
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Critical Care Nursing: Sickle Cell Anemia Critical Care Nursing 10/15/2009 Sickle cell anemia affects millions of people worldwide. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which your body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells. They don’t last as long as normal‚ round red blood cells‚ which leads to anemia. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin that causes the cells to have a sickle shape. Sickle-shaped cells don’t move easily through your blood vessels. They’re
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Burns Burns Burns are injuries to either skin (caused by heat‚ electricity‚ or chemicals)‚ or respiratory tract (caused by inhalation of smoke or hot particles). According to the CDC someone in the United States sustained burn injuries every 30 minutes (CDC‚ 2013). Pathophysiology The cell and tissue damage noted in burns is a result of exposure to temperatures above 44⁰C‚ which cause proteins to denature (Hettiaratchy & Dziewulski‚ 2004). This breakdown causes tissue necrosis; the necrotic
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natural disaster‚ acts of war‚ traffic collisions‚ as well as industrial accidents. Crush syndrome differs from a crush injury depending on the longevity of the prolonged and continuous pressure on the muscles and limbs. It is characterized by hypovolemic shock‚ which is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. Crush syndrome is also characterized by hyperkalemia‚ acute renal failure and muscle necrosis (Donmez‚ D. Meral‚ A.
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1. Diagnosis: Risk for injury r/t bleeding from uterine atony‚ retained placental fragments‚ lacerations‚ or hematoma. Short term goal: Patient will not experience any excessive bleeding & Patient will verbalize an understanding about warning signs of excessive bleeding Long term goal: Patient’s bleeding will be lighter in color and she will regain her prepregnant state without complications to hemorrhage. 1. Assess and teach pt to palpate uterus for height and firmness and location
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Introduction Central venous cannulation is a routine procedure‚ which is safe in experienced hands‚ especially under ultrasound guidance. Central venous cannulation is associated with various complications‚ some being potentially dangerous like inadvertent arterial puncture. We hereby report a case of inadvertent cannulation of left subclavian artery during ultrasound guided placement of central venous catheter in left internal jugular vein(IJV). Case Report A 46-year-old female with no co-morbidities
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HESI REVIEW CH # 1 Lab Ranges * Hgb | * Male 14-18 * Female 12-16 | * High-altitude living increases values. Slight Hgb decreases normally occur during pregnancy | * | * Hct | * Male 42-52 * Female 37-47 | * Prolonged stasis from vasoconstriction secondary to tourniquet can alter values | * | * RBC | * Male 4.7-6.1 * Female 4.2-5.4 | * Never draw specimen from an arm with an infusing IV. | * | * WBC | * 5‚000-10‚000 | * Anesthetics
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is all that is typically required. Blood transfusion is not typically required. 3. Class III Hemorrhage involves loss of 30-40% of circulating blood volume. The patient ’s blood pressure drops‚ the heart rate increases‚ peripheral hypoperfusion (shock)‚ such as capillary refill worsens‚ and the mental status worsens. Fluid resuscitation with crystalloid and blood transfusion are usually necessary. 4. Class IV Hemorrhage involves loss of >40% of circulating blood volume. The limit of the body ’s
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Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia is a disorder that causes platelets to be destroyed at an accelerated rate. Platelets are produced from the fragmentation of bone marrow megakaryocytes and then are released into the circulation where they play an important role in hemostasis by forming a platelet plug when needed. They do this by binding to a damaged vessel wall‚ which is then stabilized by fibrin. When platelets are prematurely destroyed‚ it causes abnormal hemostasis. Thrombocytopenia is the
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION A careful and detailed clinical assessment is essential in order to assess the likely cause and severity of symptoms‚ arrange appropriate investigations and referral‚ avoid unnecessary investigations‚ and to assess individual risk of cardiovascular disease or cardiomyopathy. PREPARATION OF PATIENT • Room that is warm & “quiet” • Examining table positioned so you can stand on the patient’s right side • Explain the procedure to
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