Bacteria 1um * Organelles >10um * Cells < 100um 2.1.5 – N/A 2.1.6 * Increase size = decrease SA: Volume * Ratio decreases = exchange decreases * Limits cell size for efficiency * Rate of heat/waste production + nutrient consumption = function of volume * Exchange rate = function of SA 2.1.7 – Multicellular organisms show emergent properties * Whole is greater than the sum of its parts 2.1.8 * Nucleus – DNA – chromosomes – genes * Differentiation occurs
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How do limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? Rate is the measurement of an amount of product or time. In the case of the rate of photosynthesis‚ it is measuring the gain of mass or growth over time. If the plant is an aquatic one that grows in water the rate of photosynthesis can be measured by counting oxygen bubbles or the volume of gas produced in a measured time period. A limiting factor is something that is present in the environment that has a short supply and because of that
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In the Calvin cycle‚ carbon atoms from CO2 are fixed and used to build three-carbon sugars. This process is fueled by‚ and dependent on‚ ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. Unlike the light reactions‚ which take place in the thylakoid membrane‚ the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma. In the Calvin cycle‚ getting pulled into the cells using RUBISCO to facilitate the process incorporated gaseous CO2 molecules. RUBISCO acts much like a sponge with a great absorptive power to
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temperature 32oC. Once the temperature was beyond the optimal level‚ the rate began to decline and this was represented by the concave curve on figure 5 and 7. This was because as the temperature increases‚ the frequency of collisions between the enzyme and the substrate also increased hence faster reaction rate. Whereas‚ the enzymes operated slowly at low temperature as there wasn’t sufficient energy for the substrates to move at a fast rate‚ hence decreased the number of collisions with the enzymes. However
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disorders. I want to study aging as a potent carcinogen using yeast as a model. Aging is indeed a potent carcinogen. Somatic mutation theory states that cancer is a genetic disease.It is so because cancer cells proliferate at a rapid pace as a result of mutations in their genes they have accumulated in themselves over the course of their lifetime. Hence the key points are Aging and Genetic instabilities that follows with it. I want to study yeast cells as a model as they are largely analogous to stem
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spectrophotometer at 605nm‚ and the rate of linear decrease in absorbance over time represents the number of electrons flowing through the electron transport chain reflecting the relative rate of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts only absorb certain wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum‚ the blue followed by the red are the two main wavelengths absorbed (Melis‚ et al.‚ 1987). The experiment was designed to investigate which wavelengths would result in the highest rate of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a
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results a final conclusion can be drawn. The hypothesis was supported by graph 3 and 6 which both showed that an increase in concentration of the reacting species resulted in an increase in reaction rate. Both graphs have a positive gradient which clearly indicates that concentration increases the reaction rate. The hypothesis also proposed that as temperature increases the speed of the reaction would decrease‚ this is evidenced in graph 7 which shows a negative decrease in time as the temperature of the
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IntroductionThe purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not caffeine has an affect on the heart rate of DaphniaHypothesisThe Daphnia heart rate will increase with the concentration of caffeine. I based my hypothesis on the fact that humans heart rates increase with caffeine as it acts as a stimulant drug. In the experiment there will be several variables that I need to try and control‚ the temperature of the water is one of these because if the temperature is higher or lower on the
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Title : Measuring the rate of oxygen uptake. Objectives : 1. To demonstrate the uptake of oxygen in respiration. 2. To measure the rate at which an organism respires. 3. To learn how to set up the apparatus for respirometers. Introduction : Respirometer A respirometer is a device that been used to measure the rate of respiration of a living organism. This can be measured by calculating the rate of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. A simple respirometer designed to measure oxygen
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solutes (iodine + H2O) than did the starch solution. So iodine move into the cell and react with starch molecules to formed starchiodine‚ the blue compound‚ with a specific rate. The test show that mean rates of diffusion are significantly different acording to the concentration. So the concentration have an impact on the rate of diffusion. Also‚ the difference between the concentration in each compartment‚ concentration gradient. We see in the Fick law that if you modulate C1-C2 you will have
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