SOLUTION AND CONCENTRATION A solution is a homogeneous mixture‚ made up of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Ex. In a water (aqueous) solution of sodium chloride‚ the sodium chloride is the solute and the water is the solvent. Solute – the component that is dissolved or is the least abundant component in the solution. Ex. Sugar‚ salt Solvent – the dissolving agent or the most abundant component in the solution. Ex. Water Common Types of Solution State of Solution State of Solute
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Lab Report Factors That Affect Enzymes Reaction Rate Name of lab: Effects of temperature‚ pH‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity Introduction: Enzymes are the most important types of proteins‚ they act as catalysis (speed up chemical reactions). If enzymes didn’t exist‚ biochemical reactions would act to slowly and they couldn’t keep up with the metabolic functions. Enzymes have a three-dimensional structure that is really complex. This structure consists
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The effect on rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction by different objectives which include effect of substrate‚ temperature‚ ph and effect of a competitive inhibitor phosphate ions. This is determined by the reaction of hydrolysis by p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNP) as a substrate by the enzyme phosphatase. Abstract The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate has been studied in human red blood cells. To see if hydrolysis was related to the functioning of the sodium pump. Acid phosphatase catalysis’s
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Experiment 2: Centrifugation Title Centrifugation of fresh milk and Acetic Acid Objective(s): 1. To separate coagulated milk from mixture of fresh milk and Acetic Acid by centrifugation 2. To determine the relationship of speed of centrifugation with the coagulation of milk which separate from mixture. 3. To study the process of centrifugation Introduction Centrifugation is a process which materials suspended in a liquid medium undergo separation or concentrate due to the effect of gravity
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Determining the equilibrium constant from pH values of changing concentrations of ethanoic acid Design Research question: How will altering the concentrations of ethanoic acid affect the pH value‚ and‚ in-turn‚ the equilibrium constant? Background information: When weak acids react‚ the reaction typically does not go to completion. Rather‚ the system goes to an intermediate state in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. Such a system is said to be in chemical equilibrium
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Enzyme to effectively break down starch in solutions that are increasing in neutral pH. To do this the experiment was carried out so that tubes containing a reaction solution of the Amylase enzyme and starch were simultaneously mixed. The reactions were then introduced to I2-KI‚ which stopped the reactions‚ at two minute intervals. Each of these trials was repeated three times to ensure proper accuracy. After concluding the reactions they were placed into a spectrophotometer (A580) for analysis
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Chemistry 521 Exam I‚ Spring Quarter 7:30 - 9:00 PM‚ 25 April 2000 NAME 1. [10 points] What are the concentrations of HSO− ‚ SO2− ‚ and H+ in a 0.20 M KHSO4 solution? (Hint: 4 4 H2 SO4 is a strong acid; Ka = 1.3 × 10−2 for HSO− .) 4 2. [15 points] Calculate the pH of 1.00 L of the buffer 1.00 M CH3 COONa/1.00 M CH3 COOH (pKa = 4.74) before and after the addition of (a) 0.080 moles NaOH and (b) 0.12 moles HCl. (Assume there is no change in volume). 3. [10 points] The following reaction
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Also known as: ethanoic acid‚ Glacial acetic acid‚ Ethylic acid‚ Vinegar acid‚ Acetic acid‚ glacial‚ Methanecarboxylic acid‚ Acetasol‚ Essigsaeure Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight: 60.05196 Acetic acid is a weak acid which is probably most famous for being the primary acid in vinegar. In fact‚ acetic acid has a wide range of uses beyond sprinkling on salads‚ and it is produced in large volumes all over the world. People have been working with this acid in a number of contexts for
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In the first part of this experiment acetic anhydride was used to prepare acetanilide which could then be readily brominated to form a mono-brominated product‚ with the bromine positioned at either the ortho‚ meta or para position on the aromatic ring. Acetic anhydride is very reactive towards nucleophiles and this reactivity is the result of the difference in electronegativities of the carbon and oxygen atoms that are bonded in acetic anhydride. This difference in electronegativities causes one
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Stephanie Thao Chemistry 1151 Laboratory Analysis of acid by titration with sodium hydroxide Ms. Hoang November 2012 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate an example of how to determine the unknown molarity of hydrochloric acid by titration with a base (sodium hydroxide). Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte (wekipedia). The first step will be measuring
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