water molecules can incorporate themselves into the ionic crystal structure. Water‚ after all‚ has an oxygen atom with two lone pairs capable of behaving as a Lewis base; it bonds easily to metal ions as evidenced by complex ions in transition metal chemistry. The metal ions and the water molecules are bonded by dative coordinate bonds from the oxygen atom of the water. Therefore‚ Water of crystallization is water that is stoichiometrically bound into a crystal. Crystal salts containing water of crystallization
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Does age affect reaction time? Aim: To find out if age affects reaction time through the use of an online program created by Human Benchmark Background information: in a study conducted by the University of Michigan‚ the most accepted theory for the effect of age on reaction time is that older people have a slower reaction time in comparison to people of a younger age. This is because adrenaline levels and reflexes are in best condition when young. Another reason of reaction times decreasing with
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Pulse rate During the practical while at rest the pulse is at a normal speed as the person is not doing any activity which requires lots of energy. This changes when the person starts to exercise as the line on the graph increases‚ this shows that the pulse rate is increasing because the heart is beating faster to make sure enough oxygen reaches the cells‚ this also causes the breathing to increase as the body has to take in more oxygen to supply the body and remove the carbon dioxide. In the body
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fixed exchange rate system that fixes the exchange rate of Hong Kong Dollar and United State Dollar to a ratio of 7.8: 1 Hong Kong Monetary Authority does not need to stable exchange market by controlling the supply and demand of HKD. It can be stabilized by Fixed-linkage System. In the past 15 years‚ Hong Kong interest rates and exchange rates fluctuated in the same trend of the US interest rate and exchange rate. The graphs below show an example of interest rate and exchange rate respectively:
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Chemical reactions proceeding until all the reactants are used is a common misconception. Chemical reactions actually behave differently. The general reaction equation is a A + b B → c C +d D in this equation A and B are the reactants forming the products C and D. However‚ unlike the common thought that the reaction ends when it runs out of A and B it actually does not. In most reactions C and D start to react to form A and B at a certain point as you can see in the equation c C + d D → a A + b
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exercise on heart rate/ breathing rate? Justification Pulse is an ongoing wave of pressure in the arteries‚ caused by pumping of heart. Pulse can be measured on the wrist‚ neck‚ back of the knee or any other pulse point where arteries run close to the surface of the skin and compress on the bone. Pulse rates vary from person to person. Your pulse is lower when you rest and increases when you exercise. More oxygen rich blood is needed by the body when exercising so knowing how to take your pulse
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Abstract By using acid-base titration‚ we determined the suitability of phenolphthalein and methyl red as acid base indicators. We found that the equivalence point of the titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide was not within the ph range of phenolphthalein’s color range. The titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide resulted in an equivalence point out of the range of methyl red. And the titration of ammonia with hydrochloric acid had an equivalence point that was also out of
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To produce dye based to the coupling of diazonium. 2. To understand the characteristic of dye orange II. INTRODUCTION The first dye was introduced by William Henry Perkin on 1856. It can be produced by the coupling of diazonium sulfanilic acid with nafthol in alkaline solution.. This was the common method used to produce dye nowadays. In this experiment‚ dye produced was the orange II. Azo compound is compound that contain azo group (-N=N-) between the conjugated aromatic ring and absorb
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Most of life’s biological processes involve the use of protein catalyst called enzymes‚ that help speed up chemical reactions within the body without being denatured in the processes. Enzymes can be used continually by temporary binding to a specific substrate in the active site to convert the substrate into a product that the cell needs to perform a specific function. Without the use of catalyst enzymes‚ homeostasis wouldn’t be able to occur quickly enough which can result in many bodily functions
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is to calculate the average human reaction time for a simple task. Hypothesis If the activity is repeated a number of times‚ then the reaction time will decrease‚ therefore the slower the reaction time‚ the further the ruler will fall. Variables - which variables are you going to: Change? (Independent Variable) The Independent Variable in this Investigation is the reaction time. Measure? (Dependent variable) The Dependent Variable in this Investigation is how far the ruler falls. Keep the same
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