Title: Acids‚ Bases & Buffers Objectives: 1. To understand the acid-base chemistry. 2. To prepare and evaluate a buffer system 3. To measure the buffering capacity of two types of isotonic drinks. Introduction: There are acid-forming‚ basic forming and neutral food‚ however the acid or alkaline properties of a food is unable to judge by the actual acidity of the food itself. For example‚ citrus fruits such as lemon are acidic‚ but they are alkaline-forming when we consume and digest it. Therefore
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Chemistry Coursework – Titration Background Science A titration is the neutralisation of an acid or an alkali. To achieve this‚ one must be added to the other in a specific amount‚ strength and concentration. A substance is neutral when its pH is 7. It is most acidic closer to 0 and is most alkaline closer to 14. 28492453194050 0 7 14 595423979670
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Solution of Sodium Hydroxide: Introduction: In a lot of cases it isn’t possible to prepare a solution by accurate weighing of the solute‚ dissolving in water and diluting to volume. There are many possible reasons for this‚ but in the case of sodium hydroxide‚ the solid absorbs moisture from the air‚ and also reacts with carbon dioxide from the air. In that case‚ it cannot be accurately weighed in air. In an experiment like this‚ a solution of the approximate required concentration was prepared
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investigation: The speed of a metal carbonate breaking down depends on where the metal is in the reactivity series. The more reactive a metal is the slower it takes for it to breakdown. The less reactive a metal is it breaks down faster. Explain the hypothesis using scientific ideas: The metal carbonate which is lower in the reactivity series such as copper can thermally decompose much faster because it is the least reactive metal so its an unstable carbonate and the bonds are much weaker. So
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Solution turned from a bright yellow to bright blue rather than a light green indicating over-titration had occurred | | 11.10 | 12.90 | 1.8 | | | 12.90 | 14.40 | 1.5 | | | 14.40 | 15.90 | 1.5 | | Methyl Orange | 15.90 | 16.90 | 1.0 | Reaction occurred quick‚ over-titration occurred and solution turned from red to orange | | 16.90 | 17.20 | 0.3 | | | 17.20 | 17.40 | 0.2 | | | 17.40 | 17.60 | 0.2 | | | 17.60 | 17.80 | 0.2 | | Methyl Red | 0.00 | 5.00 | 5.0 | | |
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www.ccsenet.org/ijc International Journal of Chemistry Vol. 2‚ No. 2; August 2010 One-pot Preparation of β–amino Carbonyl Compounds by Mannich Reaction Using MgO/ZrO2 as Effective and Reusable Catalyst Deepak.M. Nagrik (Corresponding author) Department of Chemistry‚ PLIT and MS Buldana-443001‚ M.S.‚ India E-mail: dmnagrik@rediffmail.com D.M.Ambhore P.G.Department of Chemistry‚ Jijamata Mahavidyalaya Buldana-443001‚ M.S.‚ India Manoj.B. Gawande (Corresponding author) Departamento de Química
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds‚ and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined‚ resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt
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Theory: Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols with the presence of a catalyst. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group‚ and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)is used as a catalyst for this reaction in order to accelerate the rate at which the product is formed. The general formula of an ester is RCOOR’ in which R is the alkyl group that comes from the carboxylic acid while R’ is the alkyl group that comes from
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Investigating a factor that affects the rate of enzyme activity Enzymes speed up reactions. They have an area with a very particular shape called the ‘active site’. When the right molecule comes along (substrate molecule) it will fit perfectly into the active site and there will be a reaction. After the reaction the products then leave the active site. This process is often referred to as the lock and key theory as only one enzyme can carry out one type of reaction. The catalase enzyme speeds
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shtml) The effect of the concentration of carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis: Sometimes photosynthesis is limited by the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. Even if there is plenty of light‚ a plant cannot photosynthesise if there is insufficient amount carbon dioxide. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/organism_energy/photosynthesisrev2.shtml) Carbon dioxide is used to make sugar in the photosynthesis reaction. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the
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