spectrums were taken of the contents of the second and sixth test tubes and showed the presence of an OH functional group and a small amount of ketone in test tube two and a large presence of ketone in test tube six. The average boiling points of the test tubes‚ 73°C and 162°C respectively‚ were compared to the boiling points in the tables of alcohols and ketones found in the back of the lab manual. Test tube two was comparable to methanol‚ ethanol‚ 2-propanol‚ and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Upon inspection
Premium Chemistry Chemical substance Water
explain principles governing the physical and chemical properties of aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acid‚ carboxylic acid derivatives and amines. Write‚ explain and solve problems related the reaction mechanisms for nucleophilic addtition of carbonyl compounds and nucleophilic acyl substitution of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Develop synthetic methods for preparations of various types of aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acids‚ carboxylic acid derivatives and amines. Plan‚ conduct‚ observe
Premium Carbonyl Ester Carboxylic acid
Introduction An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils‚ ethereal oils or aetherolea‚ or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted‚ such as oil of clove. Volatile oils are the odorous and volatile products of various plant and animal species. As they have a tendency to undergo evaporation on being exposed to the air even at an ambient temperature‚ they are invariably termed
Premium Essential oil Ethanol Citrus
Test‚ and Lucas Test. This was conducted to classify the samples from being a primary alcohol‚ a secondary alcohol‚ a tertiary alcohol‚ aldehyde‚ or a ketone. Introduction In analyzing the oxygen bearing organic compounds‚ there are several tests that may be performed to distinguish among the different classes of alcohols‚ aldehydes‚ and ketones. All these tests exploit differences in the type and degree of reactivity of each of the functional groups. Several different oxidizing agents may be used
Premium Alcohol Ethanol Aldehyde
reactions: a. Grignard reaction including identification of the nucleophile. b. Conversion of nitriles into carboxylic acids and acid derivatives c. Diels-Alder reactions d. Reduction of aldehydes and reagents used for that reaction. e. Fischer esterification including identification of nucleophile‚ catalyst‚ and leaving group. f. Reaction of acid chlorides to produce alcohols. g. Reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to produce amides including identification of nucleophile‚ catalyst‚ and leaving
Premium Carboxylic acid Alcohol Amine
functional group of alcohols and phenols. On the other hand‚ carbonyl group refers to a divalent chemical unit consisting of a carbon and an oxygen atom connected by a double bond. It is known as the characteristic functional group of aldehydes and ketones instead. In this experiment‚ hydroxyl- or carbonyl- containing samples were given to the group for examination. The samples were analyzed through different tests namely the involvement of the solubility of alcohols in water‚ the Lucas Test‚
Premium Alcohol Aldehyde Functional group
CLASSIFICATION TESTS A. Acids There are relatively few suitable tests for carboxylic acids. Classification is based mostly upon solubility tests. If the compound is water soluble‚ test the aqueous solution of your compound with pH paper (also check the pH of the original water). If the compound is water-insoluble and it dissolves in 5% (1.5M) sodium hydroxide and 5% NaHCO3 solutions as performed in your solubility tests‚ it can be classified as a carboxylic acid. Establish an equivalence value
Premium Alcohol Amine Acid
Distillation particularly. Therefore‚ a review of the methods used‚ in a nice flowing paragraph narrative‚ should be fine. Only if there are chemical and/or qualitative tests performed during the experiment day (as there are when the aldehyde/ketone unknown comes around) will there need be any explanation of how something was done. In the case of a specific chemical test (Tollens‚ etc) the relevant balanced reaction equation(s)‚ as well as the result (“positive for”‚ “negative for” with supporting
Premium Infrared
methods. The percent recovery and percent yield were 80.46% and 47.526%‚ respectively. A melting point range of 85-87oC was obtained from the purified product. - Introduction A Grignard reaction adds an alkyl-magnesium halide to an aldehyde or ketone carbonyl carbon. The alkyl-magnesium halide is known as the Grignard reagent. The carbon bonded to the magnesium
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Alcohol
much to be able to evaluate. Pure or Not? 6 non-polar solvent polar solvent Using TLC to follow the progress of a reaction: In the following reaction‚ the alcohol product is more polar than the starting ketone. With regard to the TLC‚ you would expect that the ketone appear higher on the TLC plate (higher Rf value) while the alcohol would appear lower on the plate (lower Rf
Premium Chromatography Solubility Gas