product formed involves two aldehydes or ketones in the presence of dilute base‚ yields a molecule having both aldehyde and alcohol. The aldol products are β-hydroxyaldehydes or β- hydroxyketones. Condensation reaction is the transformation that result from combination of large molecules to produce another larger molecule. In an aldol condensation‚ β-hydroxyaldehyde or a β-hydroxyketone is produced in but upon heating the α‚β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with water is produced. In double mixed
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Urine Specific Gravity Each day an adult excretes between 800ml and 2000mL of urine. This amount varies depending on various conditions that can influence fluid loss and fluid intake. For example‚ the loss of fluid through heavy sweating in hot weather reduces urine amounts. The minimum volume of urine needed to remove body wastes from an adult is about 500mL/day. The specific gravity of urine can be an indicator of disease or disruption in normal metabolism. As you recall from our earlier discussions
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and glucose levels would remain low. During fasting‚ the body normally converts fatty acids into smaller units called ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are small‚ water soluble compounds that can be picked up by the brain and muscle cells to be used as fuel to produce energy. During a period of fasting‚ an individual would not be able to completely break down fatty acids to produce ketone bodies therefore‚ leading to brain damage because it does not receive the energy it needs to perform its
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DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Visayas State University‚ Baybay City‚ Leyte CHEM31a – BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory Report Name: Alyssa Diane Marie L. Baljon Date Performed: May 7‚ 2015 Course & Year: BSChem 2 Date Submitted: May 11‚ 2015 Lab Schedule: M-F 7:00-10:00 Score: Group No. 4 Experiment No. 3 Carbohydrates Objectives Use of chemical tests to identify some physical and chemical characteristics of typical carbohydrates. Differentiate between monosaccharides‚ disaccharides
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free fatty acids (Westerberg‚ 2013). The free fatty acids are converted into acetyl coenzyme A‚ some are used in the Krebs cycle to produce energy and the rest are “broken down into ketone (acetone‚ acetoacetate‚ and B-hydroxybutyrate)” (Westerberg‚ 2013‚ p.
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at the very least‚ and even though many of his test levels returned to the normal range‚ upon 2nd admission to the hospital‚ his blood hemoglobin count continued to fall‚ creatinine level was still elevated‚ albumin level was above normal‚ urine ketone level was still above normal‚ and hemoglobin and bilirubin in his urine show RBC breakdown. Severe‚ prolonged acidosis ultimately led to complete pulmonary
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April Goodson CHEM 242L-002 February 20‚ 2013 Oxidation of Cyclohexanone to Adipic Acid Abstract The cyclic ketone cyclohexanone was oxidized to adipic acid using the oxidizing agent nitric acid. The experiment yielded 0.2667 grams of adipic acid‚ giving a percent yield of 113.97%. Although the product was allowed to dry for one week‚ residual moisture was still present in the sample and a melting point could not be obtained. This error in the experiment either resulted from adding too much
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Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first prepared by treating lithium hydride (LiH) with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (Scheme 1)
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Clays are one of the important natural materials‚ which have been examined for catalytic applications. Clays are characterized by a layered structure and hence they are slippery when wet. They are broadly classified as cationic or smectite type (having layer lattice structure in which two-dimensional oxyanions are separated by layers of hydrated cations) and anionic or brucite type (in which the charge on the layer and the gallery ion is reversed complimentary to smectite type). Anionic clays are
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The name and other identifying information about the patient included within this piece of work have been changed to protect confidentiality‚ as required by The Code of Professional Conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Council‚ 2008). For this reason‚ the patient included in this case study will be given the pseudonym of Sam Jones. The purpose of this assignment is to identify one client problem and provide an evidence-based plan of care for the individual. The purpose of care planning
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