BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1‚ 2 & 3 UDBB 1164 FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 0 EXPERIMENT 1 PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS Introduction Hydrocarbons are compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen‚ can be classified into several types‚ depending on their structure. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are divided into three classes: alkanes (e.g. methane‚ ethane and propane) have only single bonds‚ and are said to be saturated; alkenes (e.g. ethene and propene)
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Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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Bleach Oxidation of 9-Hydroxyfluorene The purpose of this experiment was to oxidize an alcohol (9-hydroxyfluorene) to a ketone (9-fluorenone) using aqueous sodium hypochlorite (bleach) as the oxidizing agent‚ while introducing techniques used in microscale experiments. Reaction: Results 1. Recrystallized Product Yield Product yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100% 3mL 9-hydroxyfluorene x (1mL/1000mL) x (0.09 mol/L) = 2.7 x 10-4 moles 0.05g 9-fluorenone / (180.20g/mol) = 2.77 x 10-4
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It is first oxidised to a methyl ketone before it gets further oxidised to a carboxylate salt. Stage 1: Oxidation to methyl ketone oxidation half-equation: RCH(OH)CH3 RCOCH3 [O already balanced] RCH(OH)CH3 RCOCH3 + 2H+ [balance H atoms] RCH(OH)CH3 + 2OH- RCOCH3 + 2H+ + 2OH- [add OH- to remove H+] RCH(OH)CH3
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Introduction to Alkane Nomenclature A. Determining the Priority of Functional Groups. What’s in a name? 3-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)-4‚4-dimethylnonane Too big a subject to cover on one sheet! This paper will focus on alkanes. Determining functional group priority will be the subject of a subsequent sheet. suffix http://masterorganicchemistry.com D. Applying the Lowest Locator Rule F. Dealing With Branched Substituents (the IUPAC Way) Number the chain from one end so as
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1. Introduction People still die from diabetic ketoacidosis. Poor patient education is probably the most important determinant of the incidence of the catastrophe that constitutes "DKA". In several series‚ only about a fifth of patients with DKA are first-time presenters with recently acquired Type I diabetes mellitus. The remainder are recognised diabetics who are either noncompliant with insulin therapy‚ or have serious underlying illess that precipitates DKA. Most such
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Britney Fontaine SC121: Human anatomy and Physiology 1. Ketones are formed by the breakdown of which substances? Fats for energy a process called ketosis 2. Hyperglycemia stimulates the secretion of which substance from the pancreas? Insulin 3. Hypoglycemia stimulates the secretion of which substance from the pancreas? Glucagon 4. What type of assay was used to measure plasma glucose and ketone levels? glucose‚ oxidase‚ peroxide‚ dianisidine 5. 5. What type of assay was used to
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making it possible to develop diagnostic reactions to test for their presence in an organic molecule. Common functional groups found in organic molecules are listed below: * Alkene * Primary alcohol * Tertiary alcohol * Aldehyde * Ketone * Carboxylic acid * Ester * Halogen alkane * Phenol Alkene In organic chemistry‚ an alkene is an unsaturated chemical compound. This means it contains a carbon – carbon bond. All alkenes are hydrocarbons‚ (a molecule made of carbon
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Carbohydrates‚ Proteins‚ lipids‚ and nucleic Acid Lab Exercise 6 Date: 9/17/12 Bio 102-11 Purpose the purpose of this experiment was to perform test to detect the presence of carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids‚ and nucleic acids. Explain the importance of a positive and a negative control in biochemical test. Use biochemical test to identify an unknown compound. Background Most organic compounds in living organisms are carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids‚ and nucleic acids they are called macromolecules
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2006 Abstract: The reaction being studied is a reduction of a ketone into an alcohol with a chiral center. Because a biological agent‚ bakers ’ yeast‚ is being used to drive this reaction‚ the optical purity that results in the product is so stereo-selective that the major product‚ (+)‚ is formed for 89% of the product. Introduction: This experiment was preformed to study the chiral selectivity of the reduction of the ketone portion of Ethyl acetate to a secondary alcohol. This reaction was
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