market maker in natural gas and other commodities. Enron successfully influenced policymakers to exempt the company from various regulatory rules‚ for example in the field of energy derivatives. This allowed Enron to enter various trading markets with virtually no government oversight. Arguably‚ regulation might have prevented Enron from taking some of the risks and making some of the mistakes which it did. While deregulation may initially have helped Enron‚ by allowing it to create and enter new markets
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Enron Case Study The case of Enron is a fascinating one. United States is a country where auditing and accounting principles are so strong. How can something take place on such high level in the United States? The Enron case demonstrates the need to reform the accounting and corporate governance practices in the United States. Moreover‚ the Enron case made government officials to pay close attention to deregulated energy market. Some of the aspects that struck me are discussed below. One of the
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Papazian Accounting for Enron Introduction In the case of Accounting for Enron‚ the case concerned one of the largest corporate bankruptcies in the US history at the turn of the 21st century. It was Enron Corporation‚ a one time seventh largest most successful US company‚ sixth largest energy company in the world‚ valued at over $70 Billion; they filed for chapter 11 on December 2‚ 2001. Just the year before‚ Enron posted a 57% increase in sales between 1996 and 2000. And Enron shares hit a 52-week
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Wk2 Assignment: The Enron and WorldCom Scandals Student Name ACC/260 Date Instructors Name[Page Break] 1. Which segment of its operations got Enron into difficulties? The guaranteed loans that were intended to bridge the financing for investments from outside investors that could not be found would be the segment of operations that caused Enron difficulties. 2. Did Enron’s directors understand how profits were being made in this segment
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Part 3 The bankruptcy of Enron not only significantly impact the employment and pension of workers‚ but also the relevant major financial institutions‚ including investment Banks‚ commercial Banks‚ pension funds and mutual funds. On Feb. 14th‚ 2002‚ the international accounting standards foundation chairman and former Federal Reserve chairman Paul pointed out that the obvious problems in accounting and auditing profession has formed a kind of crisis after a long-term period of existence. A typical
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Arndt’s study implies‚ even if a membership in a particular group is important‚ if it affects their self-esteem; they are likely to distance themselves from that particular group‚ especially if mortality is induced. This suggests that people are more focused on self-esteem than belonging to a group. It would be interesting to see if the extent of group identification contributes the disengagement of a particular group. For example‚ the difference between people who were raised highly accustomed to
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1. Retail grocery stores ----Specialty retailer Industry 2. Commercial banking ----Commercial banks Industry 3. Pharmaceutical preparations ----Pharmaceuticals Industry 4. Commercial airline ----Aerospace and defense Industry 5. Computer software ----Network & other comm. Equip. Industry 6. IT service provider ----Internet services and retailing Industry 7. Liquor producer and distributor ----Beverages Industry
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• Industries in the case can be organized into five groups consisting of A. Financial industry High receivables (loans) and payables (deposits‚ other loans)‚ little inventory Commercial banking (2) 2 has the highest receivables and payables (both note payable and account payable). It has no raw materials‚ work in progress and finished goods‚ which are characteristics for a bank. B. Retail industry Lots of inventory‚ low gross profit percentage Retail grocery stores(1) 1 has the lowest
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level – why auditing? • Enron Auditing • Why do we have auditing? • Lemonade Stand Example Did ANYONE Do ANYTHING WRONG? CONCLUSION Did Anyone Do Anything Wrong? YES!! ENRON’S RISE 1985 – Internorth‚ based in Omaha‚ acquired Houston Natural Gas. 1986 – Changed name to Enron and moved to Houston. OLD ENERGY SYSTEM • Electricity • State-regulated monopolies. • Stable‚ but inefficient. • Natural Gas • Pipelines transported on fixed delivery routes with set prices. Enron Producers Pipeline
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In 2001‚ Enron was the fifth largest company on the Fortune 500. Enron was also the market leader in energy production‚ distribution‚ and trading. However‚ Enron ’s unethical accounting practices have left the company in joint chapter 11 bankruptcy. This bankruptcy has caused many problems among many individuals. Enron ’s employees and retirees are suffering because of the bankruptcy. Wall Street and investors have taken a major downturn do to the company ’s unethical practices. Enron ’s competitors
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