Evaluate issues arising from the availability of energy access (25marks) The World Energy Outlook (WEO) defines modern energy access as “a household having reliable and affordable access to clean cooking facilities‚ a first connection to electricity and then an increasing level of electricity consumption over time to reach the regional average”. By defining it at the household level‚ it is recognised that some other categories are excluded‚ such as electricity access to businesses and public buildings
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A system of internal control refers to the process by which organizations maintain environments that encourage incorruptibility and deter fraudulent activities by management and employees. An organization’s components of internal control are evaluated during the planning phase of an independent financial statement audit. The results of the evaluation directly influence the auditor’s level of detailed testing. To reduce detailed testing‚ and perhaps the audit fee‚ organizations implement common features
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ways and means are called the system of ‘internal control (I.C).’ (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Management not the auditor must establish and maintain the entity’s of control. (Alvin J.‚ James K.‚ W. Morley‚ Ingrid B.‚ 2000). According to Spicer and Pegler‚ “internal control is best regarded as indicating the whole system of controls‚ financial and otherwise estimated by the management in the conduct of a business including internal check‚ internal audit and other form of controls.” (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Larry F
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Accounting Information System (AIS An accounting information system (AIS) is a system of collection‚ storage and processing of financial and accounting data that is used by decision makers. accounting information system (AIS) consists of: - People - Procedures - Data - Software - Information technology infrastructure What important functions does the AIS perform in an organization? 1. It collects and stores data about activities and transactions. 2. It processes
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guidance system 2. On-line courseware 3. Payroll system 4. Hotel reservation system 5. Hotel management system 6. Online hotel reservation system 7. Online billing system 8. Online membership and billing system 9. Online class scheduling system 10. Online POS(Point of Sale) 11. Online inventory system 12. Online payroll system 13. Online ordering system 14. Online bidding system 15. Voting system 16. Online voting system 17. Online shopping cart 18. Medical records system 19. Online
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IT General Controls Risk Assessment Report Foods Fantastic Company Background: In accordance with our IT audit plan‚ the Foods Fantastic Company (FFC) Audit Team has performed an ITGC review of the 5 critical ITGC areas and in-scope applications so as to enable the audit team to follow a controls-based audit approach and be able to rely on the IT controls in place at FFC. FFC is a publicly traded‚ regional grocery store located in the mid-Atlantic region which relies on many state-of-the-art
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Modern Accounting Systems Marcello F. Pirrelli Introduction to Accounting – ACC 205 Professor: Beher Haski 01 October 2012 Part I: Introduction Over the years‚ through trial and error‚ modern accounting systems have changed for both the better and worse. Modern accounting systems fulfill the basic accounting needs while offering increased accuracy in tracking trends‚ enabling collaboration and giving quick access to data. Computerized
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and control Management MCS has the same meaning as the terms execution and strategy implementation Objective setting: In any organization employees must have a basic understanding of what the organization is trying to accomplish. Strategy formulation: Strategies define how organizations should use their resources to meet these objectives. A well-conceived strategy guides employees in successfully pursuing the organization objectives. Management control versus strategic control
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Topic One: Accounting Information Systems: Theoretical foundation and overview Drivers for business & I.S change Globalisation o Force behind globalisation is technology. o Changed the way we communicate‚ transport goods and services‚ and travel. o Enabled organisations to interact with partners‚ suppliers and customers in virtual environment. Deregulation o Removal of constraints on competitive market forces through free trade agreements. E.g. Australia-China‚ Australia-New Zealand
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Baring’s Bank in 1995 occurred principally as a result of huge losses that resulted from unauthorized derivatives trading activity by the head of the Singapore office‚ Nick Leeson.[1] The chain of events that led to the collapse of the bank could have been mitigated‚ if not entirely avoided‚ had management and/or the board of directors followed recommendations contained in internal reports that drew attention to the risks present in the highly leveraged trading program constructed by Nick Leeson‚ or by
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