Chapter 8: Budgeting for Planning and Controlling ___________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 8 QUESTIONS FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION 1. Budgets are the quantitative expressions of plans. Budgets are used to translate the goals and strategies of an organization into operational terms. 2. Control is the process of setting standards‚ receiving feedback on actual performance‚ and taking corrective action whenever actual performance deviates from planned performance. Budgets are standards
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PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT Performance based assessment is most commonly known as and educational assessment which judges the student knowledge and skills based on observation of the student behavior or the inspection of students products. On the other hand‚ standardized testing is a written form test‚ which measures the temporary understanding of facts and skills. As a result of standardized testing outcomes being temporary‚ the genuine of this testing type is obsolete. Hence‚ I will argue that
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The history of Congressional budgeting is a largely long and compounding series of passed laws and reforms like much of the rest of Congress. The early history of the Congressional budget was a story of decentralized requests from each consecutive administration. These requests were not coordinated or funneled through any specific agency. Budgetary requests were handled by Congress through its committee system meaning that committee chairs held supreme authority over any requests that came their
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Capital Budgeting Capital Budgeting is done because companies need to make Acceptance/rejection decisions for buying fixed assets etc. Features of fixed assets : Investments upfront and returns take a long time. Risk is long term Expenses are indivisible and lumpy Ex. If HUL wants to put up a synthetic detergent plant of 50 cr. Rs. -> by spending 25 Cr. Rs.‚ the plant wont be operational at half the capacityS The Capex decisions are irreversible Projected P&L : Less Sales Raw Materials
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The Society for Financial Studies Decision Processes‚ Agency Problems‚ and Information: An Economic Analysis of Capital Budgeting Procedures Author(s): Anthony M. Marino and John G. Matsusaka Source: The Review of Financial Studies‚ Vol. 18‚ No. 1 (Spring‚ 2005)‚ pp. 301-325 Published by: Oxford University Press. Sponsor: The Society for Financial Studies. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598074 . Accessed: 15/11/2013 17:17 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance
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Performance Management and Performance Based Pay Compensation and Benefits MGT 548 Cardinal Stritch University Group MSM 3-356 Instructor: Rafael Viscasillas 7/25/05 Table of Contents Performance based pay is an effective way to adequately distinguish between the best and worse performers within the company structure. Commonly referred to as merit pay or skill based pay‚ performance based pay is a compensation system designed to reward employees for attaining additional skills or for
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CAPITAL BUDGETING ANALYSIS To achieve success over time‚ a firm’s managers must identify and invest in projects that provide positive net present values to maximize shareholder wealth. Capital Budgeting Is the process of identifying‚ evaluating‚ and implementing a firms investment opportunities. Involves long-term projects Requires large initial investment Constructing plant and equipment Time frame maybe as short as a year or as long as twenty to thirty years The profitability of a firm
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ventilation system upgrade for EPA compliance. Project bonuses paid to employees. Purchase of a new assembly machine that will cut labor and maintenance costs. Purchase of a new computer server for the research and development group. Long-term capital budget expenditures are often grouped in one of the following categories: new machines and equipment intended for expansion‚ replacement of existing equipment‚ some allocations for research and development for new products and/or the expansion of existing
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Policing in Kelsey: Budget Report Lakeshia Craig December 1‚ 2014 AJS/522-Finance and Budgeting in Justice and Security Michael Scott UOPX Online Main Policing in Kelsey The Police Department currently has an annual budget of $16‚177‚678. With the 15% budget cut‚ the mayor is requesting from the Police Department‚ that leaves a new annual budget of $14‚235‚356‚ a decrease of $1‚941‚322. The major change the will affect the fiscal cycle of this budget year is the decrease in the hiring of police
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The possible impact of university corruption on customers’ ethical standards Merlin Stone1 and Michael Starkey2 Correspondence: Merlin Stone‚ The Customer Framework‚ Lily Hill House‚ Lily Hill Road‚ Ascot RG12 2SJ‚ UK. E-mail:merlin.stone@thecustomerframework.com 1is Head of Research at The Customer Framework. He is author or co-author of many articles and 30 books on customer management. The UK’s Chartered Institute of Marketing listed him in 2003 as one of the world’s top 50 marketing thinkers
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