The Molecules of Cells (Chapter 3 in your textbook) Without water and carbon-based molecules‚ no life as we know it! Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds Also‚ H‚ N‚ O‚ P‚ and S…… • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. Why? Principal source of carbon on Earth? • Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon. C21H36N7O16P3S Coenzyme
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is the first level followed by the cellular‚ tissue‚ organ‚ and system level. The chemical level is all about examining atoms and how they are joined to form molecules such as water‚ sugar‚ and protein. These molecules then combine and form macromolecules which make up the organelles. The organelles are tiny structures that determine the cell function of the organism. In the cellular level there are individual organelles defined by a specific purpose. The nucleus‚ for example‚ is an organelle that
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Consumption of alcohol is a major social issue in the world today. Along with adults‚ teenagers also face the situation of addictiveness towards alcohol. In order to solve the issue of alcohol abuse‚ for instance‚ by the development of productive therapies‚ it is foremost essential to apprehend the complete mechanism of the abuse and the several modifications it does to the cells in the body‚ particularly the brain cells. Over exposure to alcohol may change the overall gene expression‚ thus leading
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Macromolecules of Life Hands-On Labs‚ Inc. Version 42-0085-00-01 Lab Report Assistant ________________ Name: Akil Kelly Exercise 1: Testing for Proteins Data Table 1: Biuret results. Substance Tested Predicted Results Biuret Color & Number of drops added 1: Egg white Contains Protein Purple color – 9 drops 2: Pepsin Contains Protein Purple color – 9 drops 3: Sugar Doesn’t contain protein Blue
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Basic Biochemistry Webquest (2013) Basic Chemistry Part 1: Why Do Atoms React? Google Search 1. What is an atom? An atom is the basic unit of a chemical element. 2. What is an element? An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. 3. What makes an atom unstable (reactive)? The binding energy not being strong enough makes an atom unstable (reactive). 4. Why do atoms react with other atoms? Atoms react with other atoms to gain or lose electrons to fill their outer
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Why are hydrophilic or hydrophobic functional groups important? What are amphipathic molecules? Why is water an excellent solvent for the cell? What is stepwise polymerization? Know the four major macromolecules and their roles in cell biology Know the proper subunits of each macromolecule (i.e. sugar subunits form polysaccharides). What are condensation and hydrolysis reactions? Which is considered anabolic? Catabolic? ATP and NADH are examples of……? What is the difference between strict
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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LIVING CELLS Name Answer the following questions as you work your way through the lab material typing in your answers. Then submit your completed lab report through the “Assignment” feature. This lab report is worth 50 points towards your final lab grade. Also‚ per the Honor Code‚ this work must be your own. CELLS Using your Biology Textbook answer the following questions. 1. What types of organisms are Prokaryotes? The Prokaryotes are organisms that are
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used‚ molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry‚ or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures‚ functions and interactions of biological macromolecules‚ such as proteins‚ nucleic acids‚ carbohydrates and lipids‚ which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These
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MBB 110 2nd Part Energy Generation/Transport For eukaryotes‚ mitochondria generates energy. For prokaryotes‚ cell membrane performs energy synthesis Glycolysis ATP is needed Glucose Pyruvate Net production of 2 ATP Citric acid cycle Substrate level phosphorylation Electron Transport Chain Occurs in cell membrane Sequence involve repair organization Anaerobic respiration: NOT O2 Aerobic respiration: O2 final acceptor ATP is produced by the Proton Motive Force Chemiosmosis H+ accumulates
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Macromolecular crowding is an environment that is saturated with large molecules‚ such as proteins and nucleic acid. Increased concentrations of macromolecules can cause non-specific repulsions‚ or become obstacles for other molecules (Nakano‚ et al.‚ 2014). Interactions‚ such as these‚ are likely to vary between different strains and/or conditions. Small-molecular crowding‚ in contrast to large molecules
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