Antibodies Antibodies play a pivotal role in life as they serve the purpose of patrolling through the bodies systems daily to fight against invading pathogens that cause diseases and infection. These molecules are an essential part of the immune system as they are both the markers and signals in notifying other components of the immune system to destroy the pathogenic threat. Antibodies have also become something much more as they have helped in the advancement in the fields of biological research
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consideration that independent variable is not a numeric but a category. (4 points) The following questions will require you to do some Web search. 2. Lidocaine is a commonly used anesthetic. What is the molecular composition of Lidocaine. (type of macromolecule and formula) (2 points). 3. List three specific usages of lidocaine (1 points each = 3 points) 1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________
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of stored chemical energy – they form part of the structures of some cells and Tissues Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.[1] They are one of the building blocks of body tissue. Proteins are complex organic compounds. They are macromolecules or bio molecules composed of amino acids linked by peptide bond. Fat is a component in food. fat is an important part of a healthy diet.
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Nitrogen Cycle Questions 1. Nitrogen is both the __most abundant element__ and in organisms it is the raw material of two main macromolecules __ammonia and nitrite which build proteins and _nitrates which build your genetic material‚ DNA. 2. In the atmosphere it is found in the form of N2 which is __nitrogen gas____. 3. These Nitrogen molecules then need to go through a process called __nitrogen fixation__ in order to be converted into molecules that living organisms can use readily. 4. Two forms
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M1: DNA • DNA - DNA are the chemical unit for genetic information in most organisms. - DNA are informational macromolecules that are used to store hereditary information that determines functional and structural characteristics of organisms. - In eukaryotes‚ the linear DNA is found primarily in the nucleus of cells. - In prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria)‚ there is one circular loop of double-stranded DNA in cytoplasm. • General Structure of DNA - The structure of DNA as a double helix made up
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increasing concentrations will lower the free energy (water potential); termed osmotic potential (ψs) 2) turgor pressure (ψp) in plant cell- positive pressure inside plant cells; increases free energy; loss of turgor = wilting 3) surfaces of macromolecules (e.g. cellulose) exerts an attractiveforce on water- matric potential (ψm); lowers the free energy; usually a minor component‚ and often ignored Total water potential of a plant: Ψplant =ψs + ψp + ψm Soil water potential same components
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic information used in the development and function of all known living organisms and some viruses. It is a major macromolecule that is essential for all known forms of life. Knowing this‚ several groups of scientists raced to find out how this essential molecule was structured. In an attempt to answer this question‚ James Watson and Francis Crick got together at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge‚ England to experiment and record
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Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules found in living organisms because they can perform multiple task in the body. The task proteins are known to carry out are compound transporters‚ structural support in hair and nails‚ protecting against infections and catalyzing reactions. However‚ to study a certain protein it has to go through purification because cells can contain thousands of proteins. Purification allows scientist to know what molecule substrates are present‚ if the enzyme activity
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A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Importance of Cells • All organisms are made of cells. o Many organisms are single-celled. o Even in multicellular organisms‚ the cell is the basic unit of structure and function. • The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. • All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells. Concept 2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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contain instructions for building other molecules Living organisms gather energy and materias from their surrounding to: Build new biological molecules Grow in size Repair their parts Produce offspring All organisms are composed of the same macromolecules (proteins‚ fatty acids/lipids‚ carbs and nucleic acids) All organisms engage in metabolism Marinating internal balance in response to the environment is known as homeostasis The cell is an organized chemical system that includes many specialized
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