CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Normal infants have the capability to develop responses to antigens at birth. Infants also start life with some immunoglobulin antibodies acquired from the mother. These antibodies cross the placental barrier‚ but not all types are transmitted equally. In particular‚ infants start with antibodies to viruses and gram positive organisms‚ but not to gram negative organisms. Infants have to be vaccinated to have protection against pathogens in which they
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GUIDELINE The role of endoscopy in the evaluation of suspected choledocholithiasis This is one of a series of statements discussing the use of GI endoscopy in common clinical situations. The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy prepared this text. In preparing this guideline‚ a search of the medical literature was performed by using PubMed. Additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of the identified articles and from recommendations
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Intro to Microbiology: Gram stain: Gram + Gram - Exotoxin Except Listeria has endotoxin Endotoxin Except Capsules Strep pneumo VERY Dangerous: (Some Strange Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules) 1. Salmonella 2. Strep 3. Kleibsiella 4. Hemophilus B 5. Pseudomonas 6. Nisseria-(largest capsule- most likely cause of any toxicity) 7. Citroacter Gram (+) Gram (-) N-acetyl muramic acid (Nam) + N-acetyl glucosamine (Nag) = Peptidoglycan wall Contains
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Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced‚ bone microarchitecture is disrupted‚ and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes
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SUBSTANCE RELATED DISORDERS Nosology: We have two large categories : 1- substance dependence and substance abuse 2- substance induced mental disorders we will deal with the descriptions of the clinical phenomena associated with the use of 11 designated classes of pharmacological agents: alcohol‚ amphetamines or similarly acting agents; caffeine; cannabis; cocaine; hallucinogens; inhalants; nicotine; opioids; phencyclidine (PCP) or similar agents; and sedatives‚ hypnotics‚ and anxiolytics
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1 Basic ICD-9-CM Coding 2011 Edition Exercise Answer Key Lou Ann Schraffenberger‚ MBA‚ RHIA‚ CCS‚ CCS-P‚ FAHIMA 2 This book includes ICD-9-CM changes announced in the CMS Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems Proposed Rules‚ as published in the May 4‚ 2010 Federal Register available online from http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fedreg/a100504c.html. Any additional changes to these codes may be obtained at the CMS Web site or in the Final Rule for IPPS in the Federal Register when it
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CARDIO Tendon xanthomata: deposition of yellowish cholesterol rich material in the tendons‚ asociared with hyperlipidaemia. Eg on knuckles Xanthelasma: cholesterol deposits around the eyes. Corneal Arcus: deposition of cholesterol/lipid in the cornea. CRP : acute phase of protein produced predominantly by the liver in response to inflammatory cytokines Chest Pain on Xray: evidence of another cause of chest pain such as air in the mediastinum (oesophageal rupture) or aortic dissection
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What is communication? Interactive nature: it is a give and take process‚ conveying and receiving thoughts and ideas (exchange of verbal and nonverbal between speaker and listener) Sociolinguistics: cultural identity‚ setting‚ participants‚ context‚ social‚ and environmental factors (study of social language) Language: “A socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and a rule governed combination of those symbols” ----Language (ability
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TERM PAPER RESEARCH : Selling Human Organs ARTICLE 1 : Should people be allowed to sell their organs? Currently‚ exchanging organs for money or other "valuable considerations" is illegal‚ but some members of the medical and business communities would like to change that. One of those is the American Medical Association’s influential Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Convinced that the balance of moral and ethical concerns favors the ability to sell organs‚ they would like the laws to change
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. Update Article NSAIDs and Kidney P Ejaz‚ K Bhojani‚ VR Joshi* Abstract NSAIDs are commonly used drugs. Even with the advent of selective COX-2 inhibitors‚ nephrotoxicity still remains a concern. The adverse effects of NSAIDs are mediated via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid by non-specific blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase leading to vasoconstriction and reversible mild renal impairment in volume contracted states. When unopposed‚ this may lead to acute tubular
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