IntroductionThis report is to check the hedging strategy that was used and lead to the huge loss of CITIC Pacific Limited and point out the importance of managing foreign exchange exposure through select appropriate hedging strategies. The huge loss of CITIC Pacific Limited and its cause is discussed in the first part. The importance of hedging and the tools of hedging are respectively reviewed in part two and part three. Finally‚ suggestions are given out on how to design proper hedging strategies
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Functional Currency Determination Case 10/10/2011 ABSTRACT In the dynamic global market‚ companies of all sizes‚ whether small‚ medium or transnationals interact with foreign companies and in most cases operate with currencies that are different from those that they commonly use. Foreign companies use foreign currencies for their expenditures‚ hedging strategies‚ and investing and financing activities. As a result these business activities must be reflected on the financial statements in the
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that specializes in metal recycling‚ operates business in North America‚ Australiasia( Australia and Asia) and Europe‚ with North America being the largest market. The company’s activities expose it to the three major parts as financial risks: market risk‚ credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risks consist of interest rate risk‚ foreign exchange risk and commodity price risk. Firstly‚ SGM’s main exposure to interest rate risk is its borrowings at variable interest rates. As a result‚ the value
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op y CC-111-010 Do No tC BMW’s Foreign Exchange Risk Management This case was prepared by Professor Xu Bin and Dr. Liu Ying‚ Research Associate at CEIBS. The case was prepared as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright © 2011 by CEIBS (China Europe International Business School) No part of this publication may be reproduced‚ stored in a retrieval system‚ or transmitted in any form or by any means-electronic
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VIVEKANANDA EDUCATION SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SUBMITTED TO: PROF. VIJU NAVARE GROUP NO: 7 SUBMITTED BY: NILESH AHUJA 62 NITIN GALANI 66
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while avoiding the missteps encountered in macroeconomic analysis. What is open economy macroeconomics? Macroeconomic analysis helps firms to explore the interrelationships among a whole host of markets‚ while microeconomics focuses on variables like price and quantity‚ & cost and revenue in individual markets. Macroeconomic analysis can be closed-economy or open -economy. Closed-economy macroeconomics deals with movements in and relationships among aggregate variables such as National Income‚ rate
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countries adopt to govern exchange rates. Floating exchange: exists when a country allows the foreign exchange market to determine the relative value of a currency. Pegged exchange rate: means the value of the currency is fixed relative to a reference currency. Fixed exchange: rate system exists when countries fix their currencies against each other. Value of the currency: is determined by market forces. The gold standard: had its origin in the use of gold coins as a medium of exchange‚ unit
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of country’s exchange rate regime where a currency’s value is allowed to fluctuate according to the foreign exchange market. Free floating exchange rate is determined by the interaction of currency supplies and demands with no government intervention. It always termed “self- correcting’ as if any differences in supply and demand‚ the exchange rate will automatically be corrected in the market. For instance‚ if demand for one country’s currency is low‚ its value will decrease and vice versa. Thus
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Eun & Resnick 4e CHAPTER 8 Management of Transaction Exposure Three Types of Exposure Forward Market Hedge Money Market Hedge Options Market Hedge Hedging Foreign Currency Payables Forward Contracts Money Market Instruments Currency Options Contracts Cross-Hedging Minor Currency Exposure Hedging Contingent Exposure Hedging Recurrent Exposure with Swap Contracts Hedging through Invoice Currency Hedging via Lead and Lag Exposure Netting International Finance in Practice:
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to consumers and the economy? Explain. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) Price controls are the government intervention in free markets. In the case of agriculture without price floors mass starvation could occur as there is often a 2 to 10 year turn around on agricultural investment. Price ceilings on certain food products may also ease starvation. Remember that perfect free markets have never existed except in theory. 3. Describe at least two negative outcomes of having too little money and credit in
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