The Immune System CHAPTER 4 Learning objectives • By the end of this chapter‚ students should be able to : i) Differentiate the three line of defense system in the human body ii) Describe the agglutination process in the case of the ABO blood group iii) Differentiate between active and passive immunization iv) Discuss the homeostatic imbalances in the immune system Introduction • Barriers help an animal to defend itself from the many dangerous pathogens it may encounter • The immune
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taken C.Q.‚ 38-year-old women into the consultation room. C.Q. has been divorced for 5 years‚ has two daughters (ages 14 and 16)‚ and works full time as a legal secretary. She is here for a routine physical examination and requested that a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test performed. C.Q. stated that she is in a serious relationship‚ is contemplating marriage‚ and just wants to make certain she is “okay”. No abnormalities were noted on chemistries and hematology studies. The physician requests
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spread the disease to their baby and may cause abnormalities or even death to the baby. During the last five hundred years‚ Syphilis has been the most deadly and most common of sexually transmitted diseases until the discovery of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Syphilis has been traced back to times as early as 1905‚ when Schauddin and Hoffmann drew attention to the pathogenic agent. The incidence rose heavily during World War II‚ but dropped after with the introduction of penicillin
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HIV / AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During the initial infection a person may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. This is typically followed by a prolonged period without symptoms. As the illness progresses it interferes more and more with the immune system‚ making people much more likely to get infections‚ including opportunistic
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and 14 million children are now orphans because of the disease. Hence the rumors‚ you cannot get HIV/AIDS from mosquito bites‚ coughing‚ sneezing‚ sharing household items‚ or swimming in the same pool as someone infected with HIV. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is not spread easily. If HIV-infected blood or sexual fluid gets inside your body‚ you can get infected. This can happen through an open sore or wound‚ during sexual activity‚ or if you share equipment to inject drugs. However‚ it
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The Russian Blue cat is a member of the felidae family. Russian Blue cats are medium sized cats with a short‚ silky‚ and dense double coat that is blue in colour. Russian Blue cats have large green eyes as adults‚ which progress from the yellow eye colour the kittens are born with. The Russian Blue cat has blue paw pads and a blue nose as well. As they are also a slender‚ muscular‚ and elegant cat‚ the Russian Blue is known for being a good looking cat. On average Russian Blue cats weigh from four
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Introduction Developed in 1991‚ the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)‚ monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults. The data for the YRBSS are gathered from many different sources such as a national school-based survey sponsored by CDC as well as education and health agencies that conduct surveys in school-based state‚ territorial‚ tribal‚ and large urban school districts. These surveys have been conducted twice a year since 1991 and include
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include: IUD‚ birth control pill‚ morning after pill‚ female and male condom and ‘pull out’ method. - The female and male condom are the only contraceptives that prevent the transmission of STI’s. STI: Sexually transmitted Infection‚ HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus‚ AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Rights and responsibilities in relationships - Right: A right is an entitlement that each individual in a relationship is entitled to. E.g. To say no‚ to be respected‚ to feel safe and to
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is the single greatest threat to our social and human development in years. Many search for people to blame yet if we don’t know all the facts and ways you can contract HIV we only have ourselves to blame. Do you know what HIV is? HIV – human immunodeficiency virus is a lifelong condition with yet unknown cures‚ leading to
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WHAT IS A HEREDITARY DISEASE? A hereditary disease is caused by an abnormality in a person’s genetic material .It is a disease passed down through several generations within the same family and is transmitted from parent to child. WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL DISEASE? A physiological disease occurs when the normal working person’s body is being affected due to the malfunctioning of organs or structural changes of cells changing overtime causing illness. CHRONIC DISEASES Asthma-Physiological
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