National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: International Trade in East Asia‚ NBER-East Asia Seminar on Economics‚ Volume 14 Volume Author/Editor: Takatoshi Ito and Andrew K. Rose‚ editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-37896-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/ito_05-1 Conference Date: September 5-7‚ 2003 Publication Date: August 2005 Title: The Effects of Financial Crises on International Trade Author: Zihui Ma‚ Leonard Cheng URL: http://www.nber
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must explore new markets and seek new development opportunities if it wants to hold a place in international competition. However‚ the company will encounter lots of barriers and challenges while entering the international market. Among them‚ political risks are a key factor that decides the success or failure of international operation (Click & Weiner‚ 2010). Political risks are the possibilities of political events in the host country bringing disadvantageous effects on the economic benefits of companies
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INSTRUMENTS OF TRADE POLICY 1. TARIFFS – is a tax levied on imports or export. Specific tariffs – are levied as a fixed charged for each unit of a good imported. Ad valorem tariffs – are levied as a proportion of the value of the imported good. 2. SUBSIDIES – is a government payment to a domestic producer. Subsidies help domestic producers in two ways: they help them compete against low-cost foreign imports they help them gain export markets 3. IMPORT QUOTAS – is a direct restriction
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Political Economy of International Trade A) This chapter explores the political reality of international trade. Free trade refers to a situation where a government does not attempt to restrict what its citizens can buy from another country or what they can sell to another country. While many nations are nominally committed to free trade‚ they tend to intervene in international trade to protect the interests of politically important groups. B) The major objective of this chapter is to describe
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AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA MIKE I. OBADAN DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF BENIN BENIN CITY AND OKOJIE‚ I. ELIZABETH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF BENIN BENIN CITY ABSTRACT Many economists generally agree that openness to international trade accelerates development. The relationship between trade and growth is envisaged through
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the economic crisis of 2007/2008. Certain incentive systems led the delivery of deceptive information rising conflicts of interests. There were excessive risks involved as well as fraudulent behavior that initiated the crisis. Moreover as the crisis suggested‚ there was lack of understanding the economics of securitization. Also‚ the risks were not significantly understood or considered‚ and the probable events could not be predicted (Stiglitz‚ n.d.‚ p.1). As a result of the crisis starting in 2007
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International trade has a great potential to uplift the lives of people in developing countries as well as increasing profits for companies in the developed world. It can also have environmental consequences if the transactions are not consciously provisioned. This potential can flourish when countries come to a common agreement on trade laws that protect against the damages that using these products can bring upon the local community. Pesticide use for agriculture and disease control has been
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International trade Payment methods Payment Methods for International Trade * Prepayments: The goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller. * Time of payment: Before shipment * Goods available to buyers: After payment * Risk to exporter: None * Risk to importer: Relies completely on exporter to ship goods as ordered * Letter of Credit (L/C): These are issued by a bank on behalf of the importer promising to pay the exporter upon presentation of the shipping
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International Trade and its Impact on the U.S. Economy Abstract The international trade sector of the U.S. economy continues to draw attention in economic and political circles. It is true that‚ the international market has become increasingly important as a source of demand for U.S. production and a source of supply for U.S. consumption. Indeed‚ it is substantially more important than is implied by the usual measures that relate the size of the international sector to the
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trading system. Poor countries have slashed protective tariffs and increased their participation in world trade. If we use the share of exports in gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of globalization‚ then developing countries are now more globalized than high-income countries.2 Does globalization reduce poverty? Will ongoing efforts to eliminate protection and increase world trade improve the lives of the world’s poor? There is surprisingly little evidence on this question.3 The comprehensive
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