productivity and profitability According to Tangen (2005:728) profitability is most of time confused with productivity. It is described that profitability considers the monetarily effects‚ while productivity considers the real progression that takes place among purely physical phenomena. Profitability can be defined as the relationship of money between the output and input‚ thus including the influence of price-factors. Pekuri‚ Haapasalo and Herrala (2011:41)‚ states that profitability is a critical
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Attachments I. Executive Summary The objective of financial management is to always make decisions in order to maximize shareholder wealth. They do this by different methods; one of them is by investing in projects that will maximize the value of the firm. However‚ many analyses should be made before making the decision to invest in determinant projects. The process by which the firm decides which investment is most profitable is called capital budgeting. There are different methods by which a firm can
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Capital Budgeting Meaning – Capital budgeting (or investment appraisal) is the planning process used to determine whether an organization’s long term investments such as new machinery‚ replacement machinery‚ new plants‚ new products‚ and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm’s capitalization structure (debt‚ equity or retained earnings). It is the process of allocating resources for major capital‚ or investment‚ expenditures. One of the primary goals of
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How venture capital funding works It is popularly believed that venture capitalists fund only established players and proven products. There is a lot of cynicism amongst many about all the hype that private equity and venture capital is getting in India of late. However‚ the truth is that‚ in recent times in India‚ the VCs have actually provided capital to relatively new‚ start-up companies that have a reasonable‚ though not certain‚ prospects to develop into highly profitable ventures. Travelguru
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Capital Structure In finance‚ the term “capital structure” refers to the way a firm finances its assets. Generally speaking‚ there are two main forms of capital structure: debt financing and equity financing (Cumming 52; Myers‚ 83). Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages‚ and an essential task for the successful manager of a firm is to find an optimal capital structure in terms of risk and reward for stockholders. When making decisions that affect capital structure‚ managers must be
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1. A PROJECT ON CAPITAL MARKET MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION A STUDY ON Capital Markets A Mini Project Report submitted to DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES SRI VAISHNAVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Approved by AICTE‚ New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU‚ KAKINADA Singupuram- Vill & Post‚ Srikakulam (Rural) - Mandal Srikakulam Submitted By Under the guidance of Mr. B. UPENDRA RAO M.B.A (Ph.D) Asst.professor‚ Head Dept. of Management Studies
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Name gobind shergill Group 2A Id no C3084433 ACFI2005: Capital Adequacy Project Introduction: There is a close relation between the capital adequacy and the financial system but it is important to have an overview before get to the more detailed study of what is going on in the financial system. There is a constant flow of cash and funds through the financial system due to the financial institutions as they assist money movement among the borrowers and lenders (lecture notes‚ chapter 8
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Keynesian Economics The concept of the multiplier process became important in the 1930s when John Maynard Keynes suggested it as a tool to help governments to achieve full employment. This macroeconomic “demand-management approach”‚ designed to help overcome a shortage of business capital investment‚ measured the amount of government spending needed to reach a level of national income that would prevent unemployment. The theory of multiplier occupies an important place in the modern theory of employment
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1.1. Definition of intellectual capital and a brief history of IC management Before someone can measure something‚ he/she has to know what to count. So how should intellectual capital be defined? A universally accepted definition is the first step toward standardization‚ but still it is hard to find the best one for "intellectual capital". In this section I ’ll define intellectual capital and study the history of its development. Intellectual capital is knowledge that can be exploited for
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Lessons Learned From Long Term Capital Management LTCM was selling liquidity as their fund structure was more similar to an investment bank than a typical hedge fund. When investors or issuers need to change their positions or risk exposure‚ they would go to an investment bank or dealer to buy or sell securities. In turn‚ the dealer would utilize the capital markets to offload the exposure. LTCM was often on the other side of these transactions‚ in some sense‚ wholesaling risk to the investment
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